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altered cellular and tissue biology
chapter 3
13
Pathology
Undergraduate 4
11/01/2016

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Term
Adaptation
Definition
is a reversible, structural, or functional response both to normal or physiologic conditions and to adverse or pathologic conditions.
Term
Atrophy
Definition
is a decrease or shrinkage in cellular size
Term
physiologic atrophy
Definition
occurs with early development
Term
Pathologic atrophy
Definition
occurs as a result of decreases in workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation.
Term
disuse atrophy
Definition
individuals immobilized in bed for a prolonged time exhibit a type of skeletal muscle atrophy
Term
ubiquitin-proteosome pathway
Definition
the primary pathway of protein catabolism.
Term
proteosomes
Definition
protein degrading complexes
Term
autophagic vacuoles
Definition
these vacuoles are membrane-bound vesicles within the cell that contain cellular debris and hydrolytic enzymes, which function to break down substances to the simplest units of fat, carbohydrate, or protein.
Term
lipofuscin
Definition
the yellow-brown age pigment.
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
is an increase in the number of cells resulting from an increased rate of cellular division.
Term
compensatory hyperplasia
Definition
is an adaaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate.
Term
hormonal hyperplasia
Definition
occurs chiefly in estrogen-dependent organs, such as the uterus and breast.
Term
pathologic hyperplasia
Definition
is the abnormal proliferation of normal cells, usually in response to excessive hormonal stimulation or growth factors on target cells.
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