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Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
N/A
43
Pathology
Undergraduate 3
09/14/2010

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Atrophy
Definition

Decrease or shrinkage in cellular size

Skeletal muscle, heart, secondary sex organs, brain

Term
Asphyxial Injury
Definition
Casued by a failure of cells to receive or utilize oxygen
Term
Choking Asphyxiation
Definition
Obstruction of the internal airways
Term
Strangulation 
Definition
Compression and closure of the blood vessels and air passages
Term
Puncture Wounds
Definition
Object w/ sharp points but w/out sharp edges produce...
Term
Chopping Wound
Definition
Produced by heavy, edged instruments
Term
Hematoma
Definition
Collection of blood in soft tissues or an enclosed space
Term
Epidural Hematoma
Definition
Collection of blood b/t the inner surface of the skull and the dura
Term
Catastrophic/Error-Prone
Definition
Proposed by Orgel in 1963. Presence of errors in those enzymes involved in transcription and translation, and their own synthesis leads to an increase in errors
Term
Karyolysis
Definition
Nuclear dissolution
Term
Pathologic Atrophy
Definition
Decrease in workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation
Term
Autophagic Vacuoles
Definition
Membrane-bound vesicles w/in the cell that contain cellular debris and hydrolytic enzymes
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition

Increase in the size of cells and affector organ

Cells of kidney and heart

 

Term
Compensatory Hyperplasia
Definition

Adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate 

Epidermal and intestinal epithelia, hepatocytes, bone marrow cells, and fibroblasts

Term
Hormonal Hyperplasia
Definition
Occurs in estrogen-dependent organs
Term
Dysplasia
Definition

Abnormal changes in the size, shape, organization of mature cells

Cervix and respiratory tract

Term
Reversible Injury
Definition
Injured cells recover
Term
Injurious Stimuli
Definition

Chemical agents

Hypoxia

Free radicals

Infectious agents

Term
Ischemia
Definition
Reduced blood supply
Term
Anoxia
Definition
Total loss of oxygen
Term
Somatic Death
Definition
Death of the entire person
Term
Livor Mortis
Definition
Gravity causes blood to settle in the most dependent tissues, developing a purple discoloration
Term
Ethanol
Definition
Liver and nutritional disorders
Term
Stab Wound
Definition
Penetrating sharp force injury that is deeper than it is long
Term
Increased Anaerobic Metabolism
Definition
Lack of ATP leads to...
Term
Algor Mortis
Definition
Postmortem reduction of body temp.
Term
Karyorrhexis
Definition
Fragmentation of the nucleus into smaller particles
Term
Apoptotic Necrosis
Definition
Cells w/ apoptotic structure
Term
Drowning
Definition
Alteration of oxygen delivery to tissue resulting from the breathing of fluid
Term
Chemical Asphyxiants
Definition
Prevent delivery of oxygen to the tissues or block its utilization
Term
Necrosis
Definition
Dead cells observed histologically
Term
Physiologic Atrophy
Definition
Occurs w/ early development
Term
Apoptosis
Definition

"dropping off"

Pre-lethal injury leading to death

Determines size, patterning, and function of many tissues

Term

Speed

Size

Definition
Increasing ______ of bullet has greater effect than increasing _____
Term
Indeterminate Range
Definition
Entrance wound occurring when flame, soot, or gunpowder does not reach the skin
Term
Suffocation
Definition
Oxygen failing to reach the blood
Term
21%
Definition
Normal ambient oxygen level
Term
Necrosis
Definition
Sum of cellular changes after local cell death and the process of cellular self-digestion
Term
Contusion
Definition
Bleeding into the skin and/or underlying tissues (bruise)
Term
Gout
Definition
Excessive amounts of urate (uric acid)
Term
Subdural Hematoma
Definition
Collection of blood b/t the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain
Term

Direct Toxicity

Formation of free radicals and lipid peroxidation

Definition
Mechanisms of mechanical injury
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