Term
| potential verbs to say that someone can or has the ability to or something is possible |
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Definition
ru verbs: drop ru and add rareru
u verbs: drop final u and add eru
irregular: kuru:korareru suru:dekiru |
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Term
| Shi: to give more then one reason |
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Definition
(reason)shi, (reason)shi, (situation).
follows short forms |
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Term
| -soudesu: to say somethin seemingly has those properties |
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Definition
i adj. drop final i
na adj. drop na
exception
ii:yosasoudesu |
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Term
| -temiru to do something tentatively or trying something |
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Definition
| always written in hiragana not in kanji but conjugates the same as miru |
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Term
| nara the predicate x only applies to A and is not more generally valid |
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Definition
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Term
| ishoukansankai saying how many times you do something in a period |
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Definition
(period) ni (frequency)
which equals frequency per period |
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Term
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Definition
watashiwa_____gahoshii
in negative sentences the particle wa is used.
hoshiitoitteimasu is to (guess) what others want since you can't know |
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Term
| -kamoshiremasen/kamoshirenai to say something is a possibility (30% chance) |
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Definition
| placed after short form of predicates |
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Term
| ageru/kureru/morau to give |
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Definition
(giver)wa/ga(recipient)ni(ageru/kureru)
focuses on recipient
(recipient)wa/ga(giver)ni/kara(morau)
focuses on giver? |
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Term
| -taradoudesuka conveys advice or recommendation (more criticizing then hougaiidesu) |
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Definition
| comes before short past tense short form in the affirmative |
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Term
| volitional form less formal equivalent of mashou. |
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Definition
ru verbs: drop ru add you
u verbs: drop final u add ou
irregular: kuru:koyou suru:shiyou |
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Term
| -ndesu to state an explanation |
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Definition
comes after short form of a predicate
after a na-adj. :(na)ndesu |
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Term
| -sugiru means too much or too many |
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Definition
| conjugates like a regular ru verb. (tabesugite)(eat too much)can follow i or na adj. |
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Term
| -hougaiidesuka used for giving advice "it is better for you to..." |
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Definition
affirmative: follows past tense short form (ta)
negative: follows present tense short form (nai) |
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Term
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Definition
| (reason)node, situation. follows short form predicate. use nanode after na adj. |
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Term
| -nakuchaikemasen you must do something/ it is necessary to do something |
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Definition
ru verbs: nai drop the i
u verbs: nai drop the i |
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Term
| -deshou guessing or making a prediction |
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Definition
follows verbs and i adj.s in short form, in the afffirmative and negative
na-adj:drop na |
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