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myelin created by ______ in CNS |
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myelin created by ______ in PNS |
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electrochemical equilibrium is balance between 2 things |
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concentration gradient and electrical gradient |
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E=RT/zF log[2]/[1] (58/z) log[2]/[1] |
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E=RT/zF log[1]/[2] (58/z) log[1]/[2] |
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58log(Pk[K]2+PNa[Na]2+PCl[Cl]1)/(Pk[K]1+PNa[Na]1+PCl[Cl]2) |
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I(ion)=g(ion)* (Vm-E(ion)) |
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Na channel blocking toxin |
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K channel blocking molecule |
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decrease in current over time eq |
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Vx=V0e^(-x/Lamda) lamda is length constant |
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Lamda=sqrt(membrane resistance/(axonal resistances)) |
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membrane resistance * membrane capacitance |
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pass electrical signal at synapse |
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hexameric complexes formed by coming together of this subunit of gap junctions |
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molecule that keeps reserve pool of NT vesicles tethered together |
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phosphorylates synapsin to mobilize vesicles previosuly tethered |
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regulate the assembly of SNAREs |
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SNARE protein protruding from vesicle |
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SNARE protein protruding from presynaptic plasma membrane |
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protrudes from the vesicle membrane and pulls vesicle to plasma membrane in the presence of Calcium |
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attaches to membrane and provides a curved structure to aid in budding |
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pinches off the budding of a vesicle |
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Hsc-70 and auxilin nad synaptojanin |
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three ionotropic glutamate receptors |
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glutamate to glutamine mechanism occurs where? |
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NMDA receptors let in ____ which is unique |
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NMDA binds ______ which is unique cuz it blocks ion flow until depolarization |
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opening NMDA channels requires ______ which is unique |
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breaks down catecholamines |
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catecholine blockers (NT storage, reuptake,) |
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reserpine, cocaine and amphetamines |
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norepinephine originates from |
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epinephrine orinates from |
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histamine originates from |
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tuberomammillary nucleus hypothalamus |
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serotonin originates from |
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calcium buildup from recent action potential causes increase in amplitude |
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reduced NT release due to sustained activity |
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these enhance the ability for calcium to help fuse vesicles with the membrane |
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potentiation and augmentation |
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augmentation of potentiation? the quick one |
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less responsive to a repetitive stimulus because of less availbale NT vesicles |
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reversing habituation by pairing a shock with a siphon touch. thatt'll get that reflex back up. be afraid! |
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both synapses strengthened when weak stimulation is paired with strong stimulation |
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depression by having postsynaptic activity before presynaptic activity |
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spike timing dependent synaptic plasticity |
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meissner merkel ruffini pacinian |
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horizontal cells release this NT |
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pretectum / edinger westphal nucleus |
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eye and head movement goes to |
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lateral geniculate nucleus |
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scala vestibuli, media, tympani |
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connects tops of stereocilia |
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spongy bone above olfactory epithelium |
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olfactory receptor neurons |
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main projection of olfactory |
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secondary messengers of gprotein receptor for sweet, bitter, umami |
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not recognizing visual stimuli coming from one side |
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contralateral neglect syndrome |
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lesions in parietal association cortex equals deficits in ______ |
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lesions in temporal association cortex equals deficits in _____ |
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lesions in the frontal association cortex equals deficits in _________ |
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reticular activating system |
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tuberomammilary nuclues is origin of 2 NT |
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inhibits wakefulness circuits |
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