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| Variable that changes due to experimentation. For example, the dependent variable would be the growth of a plant after a scientist waters it with a new fertilizer |
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| That which the scientist manipulates. For example, using different chemicals to observe their effects on plant growth. |
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| Observations, measurements, and other types of data that people gather and test to support and evaluate scientific explanations |
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| The explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning; that is supported by a large quantity of evidence; and that does not conflict with any existing experimental results or observations. |
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| A statement that reliably predicts events under certain conditions. |
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| Natural Sciences are divided into 3 areas. What are they? |
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| Biology, Geology, and Physical Science |
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| Study of nonliving matter |
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| Activities that help scientists collect data in an original setting. For example, a paleontologist digging up bones in Colorado. |
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| Place where scientists usually do experiments in a controlled environment. |
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| How do scientific ideas change? |
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| New discoveries, new observations, collaboration, and debate. |
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| A scientific ________ describes what happens, but a scientific __________ describes for what reasons it happens. |
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| An organized procedure to study something under controlled conditions. |
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| Process of obtaining information by using the senses. |
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| What are the 3 types of scientific investigations? |
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| Experiments, Observations, and Models |
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| Representation of an object or system |
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| Information gathered by observation or experimentation that can be used in calculating or reasoning. |
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| A testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation. |
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| What are some characteristics of good scientific investigations? |
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| Experiments should be verified through repetition and replications. It should undergo peer review by scientists not involved in the investigation. |
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| Defining a Problem, Forming a Hypothesis, Planning an Investigation, Identifying Variables, Collecting and Organizing Data, Interpreting Data, Drawing and Defending Conclusions |
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| How is repetition different from replication? |
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Definition
| Repetition is done by the same scientist, whereas replication is done by different scientists not involved in the investigation. The same result is obtained during both. |
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| How can you evaluate the quality of scientific information? |
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Definition
| Peer reviewed articles are the gold standard. Also, scientists write books for the average person to read. |
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Term
| Graphs are physical representation of _________________ |
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Definition
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| How do scientist make sense of data? |
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Definition
| They use data tables to organize data. They look for quantities, times, and frequency of something happening. |
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| Graphs show data in a visual way, making the data easier to understand. |
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| Hoe do scientists evaluate models? |
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| Scientists use models to make predictions before an investigation as well as to represent the results after an investigation. |
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| What makes up the universe? |
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Definition
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| A large celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light. |
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| A large collection of stars, gas, and dust. |
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| Word used by scientists to describe space and all of the energy and matter in it. |
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| Collection of large and small bodies that orbit our central star, the sun. |
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| Spherical body that orbits the sun. |
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| Four planets that orbit nearest to the sun. |
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| What are the Terrestrial Planets? |
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| Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars |
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| Characteristics of Terrestrial Planets |
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| Rocky, dense and relatively small |
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| What are the Gas Giant Planets? |
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Definition
| Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune |
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| Characteristics of Terrestrial Planets |
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Definition
| Large, gaseous atmospheres, small rocky cores, and ring systems. |
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| How do stars make energy? |
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| Energy production takes place in the center, or core, of a star. Energy is produced by the process of nuclear fusion. |
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| Stars fusing lighter elements, such as hydrogen, into heavier elements, such as helium. |
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| How are distances measured in the universe? |
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| The distance that light travels through space in 1 year. |
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| What is the structure of the universe? |
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Definition
| Clusters and Superclusters and Voids |
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| Describe a star that is red in color |
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| A red star indicates a cool star |
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| Describe a star that is blue in color |
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Definition
| A blue star indicates a very hot star. |
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Definition
| 3 or more stars that are bound by gravity |
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| What is the temperature of the center of the Sun? |
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Definition
| 15,000,000 degrees Celsius |
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| Name for the Sun's surface |
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| How is star brightness measured? |
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Definition
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| What is apparent magnitude? |
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Definition
| the measure of a star's brightness as seen from Earth. |
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| Brightest stars that can be seen by the naked eye |
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| Faintest stars that can be seen by the naked eye |
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Definition
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| What is absolute magnitude? |
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| measure of how bright a star woudl be if the star were located at a standard distance. |
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| How are the surface temperature of stars measured? |
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Definition
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| Why do stars have different colors? |
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| Because they have different surface temperatures. |
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