Term
| Dumb terminal (pg. 256) (video display terminal (VDT)) |
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Definition
| Has a display screen and a keyboard and can input and output but cannot process data |
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Term
| Intelligent terminal (pg. 256) |
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Definition
| Has its own memory and processor, as well as a display screen and a keyboard |
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Term
| Internet terminal (pg. 256) |
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Definition
| Provides access to the internet |
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Term
| Pen-based computer system (pg. 262) |
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Definition
| Allows users to enter handwriting and marks onto a computer screen by means of a penlike stylus rather than by typing on a keyboard |
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Term
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Definition
| A light-sensitive penlike device that uses a wired connection to a computer terminal |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses an electronic pen or a mouselike copying device called a puck that can convert drawings and photos to digital data |
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Term
| Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR) (pg. 268) |
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Definition
| A character-recognition system that uses magnetizable ink and special characters |
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Term
| Optical mark recognition (OMR) (pg. 269) |
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Definition
| Uses a special scanner that reads “bubble” marks and converts them into computer-usable form |
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Term
| Optical character recognition (OCR) (pg. 269) |
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Definition
| Software that converts scanned text from images (pictures of text) to an editable text format (usually ASCII) that can be imported into a word processing application and manipulated |
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Term
| Audio input device (pg. 270 |
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Definition
| Records analog sound and translates it for digital storage and processing |
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Term
| Speech-recognition system (pg. 274) |
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Definition
| Using a microphone (or a telephone) as an input device, converts a person’s speech into digital signals by comparing the electrical patterns produced by the speaker’s voice with a set of prerecorded patterns stored in the computer. |
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Term
| Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag (pg. 276) |
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Definition
| Based on an identifying tag bearing a microchip that contains specific code numbers. These code numbers are read by the radio waves of a scanner linked to a database. |
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Term
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Definition
| The science of measuring individual body characteristics |
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Term
| Pixel (pg. 278) (picture element) |
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Definition
| The smallest unit on the screen that can be turned on and off or made different shades |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of space between the centers of adjacent pixels; the closer the pixels, the crisper the image |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the image sharpness of the display screen; the more pixels, or dots, there are per square inch, the finer the level of detail |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of times per second that pixels are recharged so that their glow remains bright |
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Term
| LCD (liquid crystal display) (pg. 279) |
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Definition
| Molecules of liquid crystal line up in a way that alters their optical properties, creating images on the screen by transmitting or blocking out light |
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Term
| Active-matrix display (pg. 281) (TFT (thin-film transistor) display) |
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Definition
| Each pixel on the flat-panel screen is controlled by its own transistor |
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Term
| Passive-matrix display (pg. 281) |
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Definition
| A transistor controls a whole row or column of pixels on the flat-screen display |
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Term
| Page description language (pg. 283) |
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Definition
| This software tells the printer how to lay out the printed page, and it supports various fonts. |
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Term
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Definition
| A specialized output device designed to produce large, high-quality graphics in a variety of colors. |
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Term
| Voice-output device (pg. 288) |
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Definition
| Convert digital data into speechlike sounds |
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Term
| Computer vision syndrome (pg. 290) |
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Definition
| Consists of eyestrain, headaches, double vision, and other problems caused by improper use of computer display screens |
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Term
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Definition
| o make working conditions and equipment safe and more efficient |
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Term
| Describe the characteristics of a dumb terminal. (pg. 256) |
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Definition
| It has a display screen and a keyboard and can input and output but cannot process data. |
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Term
| Describe the difference between using a touch screen and using a light pen (pgs. 261-263) |
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Definition
A touch screen is a video display screen that has been sensitized to receive input from the touch of a finger.
A light pen is a light-sensitive penlike device that uses a wired connection to a computer terminal. |
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Term
| How is source data entry different from keyboard entry? (pg. 265) |
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Definition
Source data-entry devices create machine-readable data on magnetic media or paper or feed it directly into the computer’s processor.
Source data-input devices do not require keystrokes (or require only a few keystrokes) to input data to the computer. |
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Term
| How does MICR work? (pg. 268-269) |
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Definition
MICR is a character-recognition system that uses magnetizable ink and special characters.
When an MICR document needs to be read, it passes through a special scanner that magnetizes the special ink and then translates the magnetic information into characters. |
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Term
| Contrast a dedicated fax machine and a fax modem. (pg. 270) |
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Definition
A fax machine- facsimilie transmission machine- scans an image and sends it as electronic signals over telephone lines to a receiving fax machine, which prints out the image on paper.
Dedicated fax machines are specialized devices that do nothing except send and receive fax documents. These are what we usually think of as fax machines.
A fax modem is installed as a circuit board inside the computer’s system cabinet. |
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Term
| What are the two primary purposes of today’s speech-recognition systems? (pg. 274) |
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Definition
Turn spoken dictation into typed text
Issue oral commands (such as “Print file” or “Change font”) to control your computer |
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Term
| What are the two principal types of output hardware? (pg. 277) |
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Definition
Softcopy is data that is shown on a display screen or is in audio or voice form; it exists only electronically.
Hardcopy is printed output. |
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Term
| Contrast the two primary flat-screen technologies. (pg. 281) |
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Definition
Active-matrix display: (TFT (thin-film transistor) display) Each pixel on the flat-panel screen is controlled by its own transistor
Passive-matrix display: A transistor controls a whole row or column of pixels on the flat-screen display |
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Term
| What is the advantage of an impact printer? (pg. 282) |
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Definition
| Impact printers are the only desktop printers that can use multilayered forms to print “carbon copies”. |
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Term
| Compare the respective advantages and disadvantages of laser printers and inkjet printers. (pgs. 284-285) |
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Definition
Laser Printers Inkjet Printers
Advantages:
They produce sharp, crisp images of both text and graphics.
They are quiet and fast.
They can print in different fonts.
Advantages:
They can print in color
Quiet
Less expensive than color laser printers
Disadvantages:
They print less precisely than laser printers.
They are slower than laser printers.
Inkjet cartridges have to be replaced more often than laser-toner cartridges do and so may cost more in the long run. |
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Term
| How do organizations benefit from videoconferencing? (pg. 288) |
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Definition
| Videoconferencing allows people in different geographic regions to have a meeting. They can see and hear one another using computers and communications. |
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Term
| What are five major health concerns related to computer use? (pgs. 289-291) |
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Definition
Repetitive stress (or strain) injuries (RSIs)
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Computer vision syndrome (CVS)
Back and neck pains
Negative side effects due to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) |
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Term
| What is computer vision syndrome? (pg. 290) |
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Definition
| Computer vision syndrome (CVS) consists of eyestrain, headaches, double vision, and other problems caused by improper use of computer display screens. |
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Term
| What main advances are projected for input and output technology in the next few years? (pgs. 292-295) |
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Definition
Input help for the disabled
More sophisticated touch devices
Better speech recognition
Improved digital cameras
Gesture recognition
Pattern-recognition and biometric devices
Brainwave devices
Display screens: better and cheaper
Video: movie quality for PCs
Three-dimensional output |
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