Term
|
Definition
Needs Assesment
Used to solicit public opinion about community problems and possible solutions
Opinion Survey
Used to obtain information on opinions, attitudes and intentions
Marketing survey
Used to evalute the nature and level of demand for particular products or services
Evaluation survey
Used to learn about the impact of public or private programs & policies
|
|
|
Term
Questionnaires can be administered in 3 ways
S.A
F2F
T |
|
Definition
Self administered-web/email
(economical + lack of bias + Confidential)
Face to Face
(more expensive +collect more in-depth +can use graphics)
Telephone
(Random digit dialing -many people screen calls
+less expensive
Better response rate if using sampling replacement) |
|
|
Term
Concerns in Writing Survey Questions
1: How Specific
2: Credibility from answers
3: Can Answer
4:Willing
|
|
Definition
1: How specific the questions should be
2: Whether the questions will produce credible information
3: Whether the respondants are able to answer the questions
4: Whether respondants will be willing to provide the information |
|
|
Term
4 types of Questions
1: O.E
2: C.E with O.C
3:C.O with UnO.C
4: P.C.E |
|
Definition
1: Open Ended
Do not provide choices from which to select an answer, must formulate own response
2:Close ended with ordered choices.
Forced-with each choice representing a graduation of single concepts (Likehart scale, much easier to code/analyize. Specific and less deanding)
3:Close ended with unorderd choices
Answer choices provided, but don't fall on a continuum (reasonable choices, requires more thought)
4: Partially Close ended
Answer choices provided but also option to create own responses
|
|
|
Term
Which Types of Survey Questions are best?
|
|
Definition
Depends on your research problem.
Can use different questions
A nice comprimise between open and closed ended |
|
|
Term
Potential Question Wording problems
B.O.O.T.
D.T.R |
|
Definition
Too much precision
Bias from slanted introduction
Objections To Providing Private information
Objectional Statements
Double Barreled Questions
Too Much Knowledge Is Assumed On the oart of the respondant
Responses that cannot be compared with exisiting information
d
t
r
|
|
|
Term
Questionnaire Design
Front Cover
Inside
Back Cover |
|
Definition
Front Cover:
Title, Graphic, Who is doing the study.
Inside:
Vertical arrangement of Questions
Instructions on how to respond
Start with the easiest and most interesting questions
End with demographic questions
Back Cover
Room for Comments
Thank you to respondents |
|
|
Term
Survey Administration-procedures to produce good responses and rate
S.Oh.E.S
|
|
Definition
Supervison
Office Help
Eqipment
Supplies
All coordinated in the required amount of time and within budget |
|
|
Term
Minimizing Error
Cov Error
Sampling Error
Measurement Error
Nonreponse Error |
|
Definition
Coverage Error: By giving each person in your population an equal chance of being selected in sample
Sampling Error: By sampling enough people to achieve desired precision
Measurement Error: By having clear, unambiguous questions answerable by sample
Nonresponse Error: By obtaining a high enough response rate that respondents and nonrespondents are similar to one another |
|
|
Term
Focus Group Sessions
Conversations initiated by an explanation of your purpose and structured by only a few key questions or comments |
|
Definition
ØCan be sole source of data
ØCan be used to develop questionnaire
ØCan be used for feedback |
|
|
Term
Central tendency:
Mode, median, mean
Variability
Skewness |
|
Definition
•Central tendency:The most common value (for variables measured at the nominal level) or the value around which cases tend to center (for an ordinal or interval variable)
Mode—the most frequent value in a distribution
(brown hair in this class)
Median—the position average, or the point that divides the distribution in half (the 50th percentile); Income is $27,000
Mean—the arithmetic average; Income I $39,000
•Variability:The extent to which cases are spread out
through the distribution or clustered in just one location
•
•Skewness:The extent to which cases are clustered more at one or the other end of the distribution rather than in a symmetric pattern around its center
|
|
|
Term
Graphs
Barcharts
Histograms
Freqency Polygon |
|
Definition
A bar chart contains solid bars separated by spaces.
It is a good tool for displaying the distribution of variables measured at the nominal level because there is, in effect, a gap between each of the categories.
•
•Histograms, in which the bars are adjacent, are used to
display the distribution of quantitative variables that vary
along a continuum that has no necessary gaps.
•
•In a frequency polygon, a continuous line connects the
points representing the number or percentage of cases
with each value.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•A frequency distribution displays the number, percentage (the relative frequencies), or both of cases corresponding to each of a variable’s values of group of values. |
|
|
Term
Range
Varience
Std Deviation
|
|
Definition
Variation—how spread out the data are
•Range = often shown as lowest and highest value (test low is 64% and high is 99%)
Range = Highest value – Lowest value + 1
•Interquartile range=break data by 25%, 50%, & 75%
•Variance=the average squared deviation of each case from the mean
•Standard deviation=the square root of the variance |
|
|
Term
Measures of association
realationships amongst variables
correlation (x2)
Chi sq
t test
|
|
Definition
Measures of association
•In most articles, decisions on relationships among variables are more sophisticated than a crosstabulation table
•A measure of association is a type of descriptive statistics used to summarize the strength of an association:
--Chi-square
--t-test
--Spearman correlation
--Pearson correlation
•Then calculate significance level |
|
|
Term
UNOBSTRUSIVE RESEARCH
Studying social behavior with affecting it in the process
Non-reactive
Content analysis
Secondary Data Analysis
|
|
Definition
Non-reactive — studying social behavior without affecting it in the process
Content analysis— study a class of social artifacts, typically some form of communication
Secondary Data Analysis - looking at data collected already |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Coding and analyzing social artifacts and communications for the purpose of making descriptive or explanatory assertions regarding materials contained in them |
|
|
Term
Content Analysis
Forms of Communication
Bks, Pop Mag, Trade mag, Web site
|
|
Definition
Can be applied to virtually any form of communication or social artifact:
ØBooks
ØPopular magazines
ØTrade magazines
ØWeb sites
ØJournals
|
|
|
Term
| Coding and sample procedure |
|
Definition
May involve sampling—selection of the communication or social artifact to analyze
Need to develop a coding procedure—classify according to some conceptual framework
Involves a counting and record-keeping procedure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Strengths:
ØEconomy in time and money
ØStudy processes over a long period of time
ØNo effect on the subject being studied
Weaknesses:
ØLimited to recorded communications or existing social artifacts
ØAll materials may not be available |
|
|
