Term
Agriculture, or farming, is a primary industry.
Farmers cultivate crops and rear animals to produce food and other products.
Is affected by many of the same issues as any other industry.
Large commercial farms - small subsistence farms.
All work to supply the constand demand for agricultural produce. |
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Definition
Inputs - physical (sun, rain, land), Human (labour), Capital (money for livestock, feed, wages, equipment)
Processes - activities that turn inputs to outputs. E.g. planting and caring for crops)
Outputs - The products that the farmer sells, or uses. E.g wheat, meat, wool etc.
To make a profit, the costs of the input must be less then the money made from the output. |
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Term
Farming can be:
- sedentary or nomadic
-subsistence or commercial
- arable, pastoral or mixed
- extensive or intensive |
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Definition
Sedentary or nomadic - Sedentary is where it stays in the same location. Nomadic is where it moves.
Subsistence or commercial - Subsistence is where the products are used to feed the family. Commerical is where they sell products for proffit.
Arable, pastoral or mixed - Arable grows crops, pastoral rears animals, mixed has both.
Extensive or intensive - Extensive is where little amount of product is made from a large area, intensive is where a lot is produced from a small area. |
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Term
Physical factors
Weather and climate, slope or releif of the land, soil fertility, water and drainage.
These are all natural, and the farmer must work with these conditions.
A farmer can intervene; he could use green houses to prevent the frosting. |
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Definition
Human Factors
Government policy - E.g. loans, taxes etc.
Labour - Bigger farm require more work
Finance - Money is needed for wages, equipment, feed etc.
Like physical factors, it depends on where the farm is located. |
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Term
Physical factors determine what type of farming takes place in a certain loaction.
Weather and climate is the most influential fator when choosing what to farm. |
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Definition
Arabale - South east, warm summers, low flat fertile land.
Market - Human factors such as finance is important. East Anglia, flowers etc.
Hill Sheep - North and West, highland areas, cool summers, high rainfall. To steep for crops.
Dairy - South-west, warm and wet, falt or hilly, not too steep.
Mixed - Warm, not too wet, soil needs to be fertile and flat. |
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