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Age of Anxiety
terms
37
History
Not Applicable
08/31/2005

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Term
Nietzsche
Definition
German philosopher who stated that “God is dead” and that morality, reason, democracy, and progress were all worn out and they only served to suffocate self-realization and excellence. He believed people should acknowledge their meaningless.
Term
Logical empiricism
Definition
The idea that all statements must be proved with facts. Followers of this philosophy rejected questions such as “Does God exist” and “What is the meaning of happiness”
Term
Wittgenstein
Definition
Austrian philosopher who later lived in England. He argued that questions about God, freedom, morality, could not be proven with mathematics or science and therefore were meaningless.
Term
Existentialism
Definition
a philosophical movement that views the individual, the self, the individual's experience, and the uniqueness therein as the basis for understanding the nature of human existence. This movement had many un-unified followers after the war.
Term
Sartre
Definition
French existentialist who believed that human beings simply existed, they appear and then they do things. They are troubled by the meaninglessness of life.
Term
Planck
Definition
German physicist who is considered to be the father of quantum science. He determined that atoms emit subatomic energy in spurts called quanta.
Term
Einstein
Definition
Genius who developed the theory of special relativity.
Term
Freud
Definition
Psychologist who calculated the three sections of the mind. The id controlled the primal human desires, the ego controlled rational thought, and the superego controlled morality.
Term
Proust
Definition
French novelist who locked himself in a soundproof apartment for ten years in order to reflect on his past.
Term
Stream of consciousness
Definition
literary style in which the series of internal monologues, ideas, and emotions from different period of time randomly form a continuous thought.
Term
James Joyce
Definition
Irish novelist who wrote Ulysses, a book about the ordinary life of a ordinary man, he ends up comparing this man to Homer’s great hero, Ulysses.
Term
Spengler
Definition
High school teacher who published a book which stated that every culture has a life cycle of growth and decline. He claimed that western society was coming to an end and the Asians would take over.
Term
T. S. Eliot
Definition
American author who depicted the world as growing in desolation, but later when he converted to Catholicism, he started to hope humanity’s salvation.
Term
Kafka
Definition
German-Jew who displayed individuals in hopeless situations
Term
Orwell
Definition
Englishman author who wrote satires on Stalinist Russia.
Term
le Corbusier
Definition
Swiss genius who said that a house is a machine for living in.
Term
Louis Sullivan
Definition
Leader of the Chicago school of architects. They used cheap steel, reinforced concrete, and electric elevators to build skyscrapers and office buildings. They did not put any ornamentation on these buildings.
Term
Gropius
Definition
German designer who made a building out of iron and glass. He later merged the schools of fine and applied arts into a single school.
Term
Bauhaus
Definition
The amalgamation of all the fine and applied arts schools at Weimar. This school attracted many leading architects, designers, and theatrical innovators.
Term
Post impressionism
Definition
Form of art where the artist tries to capture the fleeting moment, rather than reproduce reality. This was a form of abstract art.
Term
van Gogh
Definition
Dutch artist who painted the image of his mind’s eye.
Term
Gauguin
Definition
French painter who used expressionist techniques to infuse his works with tranquility and mysticism.
Term
Cezanne
Definition
French artist who emphasized form rather than light.
Term
Matisse
Definition
Extremist expressionist painter whose exhibition was called “the wild beasts” by contemporary critics.
Term
Kandinsky
Definition
Russian artist who completely avoided nature in his works.
Term
Dadaism
Definition
Artistic movement which did not make any sense. An example of a Dadaist work would be the painting in which somebody put a mustache on the Mona Lisa.
Term
Picasso
Definition
Spanish painter who invented Cubism. He painted some very influential works, including Guernica.
Term
Surrealism
Definition
Artistic movement which involved fantastic worlds of wild dreams and complex symbols.
Term
Eisenstein
Definition
Soviet film director who dramatized the communist view of Russia history.
Term
Keynes
Definition
English economist who denounced the Treaty of Versailles and claimed that Germany’s punishment would hurt all the other countries economically.
Term
Ruhr
Definition
Industrial area of Germany which was seized by the French following the Weimar republic’s failure to pay their reparations. This was a huge crisis in the 1920s.
Term
Locarno Pact
Definition
Pact which acknowledged the borders of Germany and France and established a sense of continental security.
Term
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Definition
Pact which made the signing countries agree to try to solve their disputes with peaceful methods rather than war. However, the pact did not outline any specific plans for what was to occur if one of the countries did wage war.
Term
Labour Party
Definition
New political party which replaced the Liberal party as the main opponent of the Conservative party. The Labour party was for workers rights, and they moved toward socialism gradually and democratically.
Term
Great Depression
Definition
Very severe economic depression which lasted from 1929 to 1933. This depression struck the entire world.
Term
The Middle Way
Definition
The method that Scandinavia used during the Great Depression to help the economy. It was a compromise between capitalism and communism.
Term
Popular Front
Definition
A political alliance between the communists, socialists, and radicals for the national elections of France in May 1936.
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