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after a meal
blood glucose
105
Fitness
Undergraduate 1
09/28/2010

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Cards

Term
What releases insulin?
Definition
pancreas
Term
Where does excess glucose go to?
Definition
muscle and liver
Term
what energizes muscle?
Definition
muscle glycogen
Term
how much is half the glycogen in calories?
Definition
1200
Term
where is protein stored?
Definition
no where
Term
when cells split what does this do for glucose?
Definition
splits for energy
Term
what happens if a cell splits only once?
Definition
it can be rejoined to make glucose
Term
what happens if a cells splits more than once?
Definition
it can't be reassembled to make more glucose
Term
what is the end product of of a carb after split more than once?
Definition
fat, water, or carbondioxide
Term
when blood glucose rises what is the first organ to respond?
Definition
Pancreas
Term
fat can be converted to what?
Definition
nothing
Term
glucose can be converted to what?
Definition
fat
Term
this can be used anywhere to energize
Definition
liver glycogen
Term
excess fiber can cause what?
Definition
malnutrition, dehydration
Term
whats does insulin signal the body to do?
Definition
take up extra glucose
Term
how does excess fiber lead to malnutrition?
Definition
excess fiber leads to malnutrition bc some fiber act as a chelating agents and chemically links nutrients and minerals together carrying the minerals out of the body
Term
explain the glycemic effect
Definition
the glycemic effect is the rate at which energy is released by particular foods
Term
1/2 of glycogen is stored where?
Definition
Liver
Term
If you add additional fiber to your diet what should you also add?
Definition
water
Term
what does a carb deficit cause a dysfunction in?
Definition
protein and fat
Term
if you have a carb deficit you do not have what?
Definition
glucose
Term
without glucose the body must to what for energy
Definition
the body must turn to protein for energy
Term
when protein is doing the work that carbs should be doing what does this cause?
Definition
this cause the protein to not be able to do its own work
Term
what term is used to describe ingesting carbs so protein can do its own job?
Definition
protein sparing action of carbs
Term
without carbs what cannot be used in a normal way?
Definition
fat
Term
without sufficient carbs for fat to combine with this causes what
Definition
ketosis
Term
what two things have to combine before they can be used for energy
Definition
fat and carbs
Term
what are the monosacchrides
Definition
fructose
glucose
galactose
Term
what happens during ketosis
Definition
ketones are produced/released into the urine
Term
when the ketones are released into the urine what does this cause?
Definition
disturbs the acid-base balance
Term
in adults ketosis effects the body other than effecting the acid-base balance what are they
Definition
1. will face vit and min deficiencies
2.loss of bone mineral
3. altered blood lipids
4.^ in kidney stones
5.^ in cholestorl
6.^ in triglucrides
7.^ in heart disease
Term
the presence of what 3 things makes hydrogen and oxygen
Definition
sunlight, chlorophyll, water
Term
a sugar with 1 molecule
Definition
monosacchride
Term
fruit sugar
Definition
fructose
Term
milk sugar
Definition
galactose
Term
what happens during ketosis
Definition
ketones are released/produced into the urine
Term
2 sugar molecules
Definition
disacchride
Term
sucrose is what two sugar pairs
Definition
glu + fru = table sugars
Term
what combination makes maltose
Definition
glu + glu = starch broken down
Term
what pairs if sugar make lactose
Definition
glac + glu = milk sugar
Term
water and carbon equals what
Definition
co2
Term
each disacchride contains what?
Definition
and glucose and another sugar molecule
Term
a quick energy source, dextrose- monosacchride
Definition
glucose
Term
what is a ketone?
Definition
acidic fat related compund
Term
how many carbs a day do you need
Definition
100 grams
Term
name another sacchride besides mono and di
Definition
poly
Term
what are polysacchrides made up of
Definition
starches and fiber glgcogen
Term
what are the factors in determining our health?
Definition
-heredity
-environment
-lifestyle
-health care services
Term
by what process are carbs made
Definition
photosybthesis
Term
what foods are starches?
Definition
potatoes, grains, brown rice, plant storage form of glucose
Term
what happens to the excess single sugar glucose we ingest
Definition
it gets stored in our muscles and liver
Term
what happens to the excess single sugar glucose we ingest
Definition
it gets stored in our muscles and liver as glycogen and converted back as needed
Term
example of gov't agencies
Definition
FDA
federal trad commision
EPA
USDA
Term
how many calories per gram are in alcohol?
Definition
7
Term
what are the signs of nutrient quackery
Definition
-too good to be true
-testimonials
-fake credentials
-motive, personal gain
-suspicious food supply
Term
give and example Society for nutrition education
Definition
American medical association
Term
examples of volunteer Agencies
Definition
-Am <3 asso
-Am cancer society
-reputable consume groups
-BBB
-consumer report
-consumer digest
Term
how many calories per gram does fat contain?
Definition
9
Term
how many calories per gram are proteins and carbs
Definition
4
Term
what are the top 2 things we have control over that effect our health?
Definition
tobacco use, and alcohol
Term
give examples of professional health organizations
Definition
Am. Diabetic association
Term
key things in making a nutritious diet
Definition
1. addequacy
2. moderation
3. variety
4. balance
5. calorie control
Term
US dietary guidelines
Definition
-eat variety of foods
-maintain a healthy weight
-choose foods low in fat, sat fat, and cholesterol
-choose to eat plenty of fruits veggies and grains
-moderation in sugar and salt and alcohol
Term
in 4 years of college about how many calories do we consume
Definition
1 million
Term
creditable sources for nutritious Info
Definition
-textbook -gov't agencies -volunteer organizations -Professional Health Organizations -Society for nutrition education -RDA
Term
how many calories equal a pound of fat?
Definition
3500
Term
over the next 40 years we will consume about how many pounds of food?
Definition
100,000
Term
how is food energy measured?
Definition
calories
Term
what does our body do to renew itself
Definition
1. new cells
2. new tissue
3. new hair
4. new nails
Term
what percent of cells are new
Definition
1
Term
how often do intestinal cells renew
Definition
3-4 days
Term
what are 5 things food does for us
Definition
1. provides energy
2. provides nutrients
3. building materials
4. maintain and repair body parts
5. support growth
Term
how many calories on average does an american consume a day?
Definition
2100
Term
name the energy nutrients
Definition
carbohydrates
fat
protein
Term
name non energy source nutrients
Definition
vitamin
minerals
water
Term
how much fat and water should men carry?
Definition
h20 60%
fat 20-25%
Term
what body fat percent should women not fall under
Definition
12
Term
deff on nutrition
Definition
study of food and nutrients and their actions in the body
Term
why do we need food?
Definition
to fuel the body
Term
how much fiber should men age of 51+ should get daily?
Definition
30
Term
what are the types of fiber
Definition
soluble and insoluble
Term
soluble fiber does what
Definition
dissolves in water
Term
what does insoluble do
Definition
nothing, cant dissolve in water
Term
how can fiber reduce the risk of colon cancer?
Definition
by speeding up the transit of fold through the colon
Term
How is the cholesterol lowered by fiber?
Definition
the liver uses blood cho. to make bile bile is stored in the gallbladder then used in the intestines and then the bile binds with the cho carry it out of the body
Term
how fiber helps body
Definition
1. improves handling of glucose
2. possible reduces risk on colon cancer
3. possible reduces risk of heart and artery disease
4. helps constipation and hemorrhoids
5.keeps contents on intestines moist
6. stimulates digestive track
7. prevents direticulous
Term
what is pectin?
Definition
additive used to thicken apples, jellies jams keep salad dressing from sep.
citerus consistency or texture to food
fruits
Term
how does fiber improve the handing of glucose
Definition
by slowing down digestion of carbs
Term
what percent of calories should come from carbs
Definition
45-65%
Term
how much water and fat should a woman carry?
Definition
h20 50%
fat 15-25%
Term
how can fiber reduce the risk of colon cancer?
Definition
by speeding up the transit of fold through the colon
Term
what percent of calories should come from carbs
Definition
45-65% 130 grams
Term
how much fiber should women up to the age of 50 should get daily?
Definition
25 grams
Term
what percent of vitamins are in the body
Definition
1
Term
how does fiber reduce the risk of <3 and artery disease?
Definition
lowers cholesterol
Term
what percent of carbs is stored in the liver and muscle
Definition
1
Term
how much fiber should women age of 51+ should get daily?
Definition
21
Term
what are some ex of soluble fibers foods
Definition
legumes
fruits
oats
veggies
Term
how much fiber should men up to the age of 50 should get daily?
Definition
38
Term
ex of insoluble
Definition
whole gran (bran)
Term
What are some causes of diabetes?
Definition
-Genetics
-Viral Infections
-Environmental toxins
-disordered immune system
Term
How is diabetes determined?
Definition
-fasting blood sugar
-A1C
-GTT= glucose tolerance
Term
How is diabetes determined?
Definition
-fasting blood sugar
-A1C
-GTT= glucose tolerance
Term
what are warning signs?
Definition
-excessive urination and thirst
-sudden weight gain or loss
-often tired or fatigued
-craving food*sweets
-frequent infection,skin, gums, vaginal
-vision disturbances
slow healing cute and bruises
-pain in legs, feet, fingers
Term
diets of a diabetic consents of what?
Definition
-adequent vit
-recc. amount of fiber
-moderate concentrated sugar intake
-high amount of complex carbs(starhes & fiber)
-low sat. fats
-not high in protein
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