Term
| Orders of Superordinal Group Afrotheria |
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Definition
| O. Afrosoricida, O. Macroscelidea, O. Tubulidentata, O. Proboscidea, O. Hyracoidea, O. Sirenia |
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Term
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Definition
Late Cretaceous
Tethys Sea |
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Term
| O. Afroscoricida and families |
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Definition
ZGZ: Ethiopian
F. Chrysochioridae (golden moles)
F. Tenrecidae (tenrecs and water shrews)
stridulating organ (spines vibrate for communication)
*Subfamily Tenrecinae (Madagascar only- adaptive radiation; parniculus carnosus)
*Subfamily Oryzorictinae (mole like genus, semi aquatic genus, mouse like genus)
*Subfamily- Long eared tenrec |
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Term
| Qualities needed for an adaptive radiation |
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Definition
1. Rapid divergence
2. Phenotypical divergence related to niche diversity
3. evidence that phenotypical divergence reflects adaptations to different niches |
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Term
| Did tenrecs (F. Tenrecidae) go through an adaptive radiation? |
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Definition
| No- there was a non rapid divergence |
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Term
| locomotion in golden moles |
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Definition
| enlarged digits 2 and 3, arms under body that fit into a depression in the rib cage, push down with limbs and push up with head |
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Term
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Definition
F. Macroscelidae
Synapomorphies:
• upper canine double-rooted
• long, mobile snout
reinforced by catilagenous rings, moved by a thick band of muscles on either side
• many openings on palate
terrestrial locomotion
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Term
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Definition
Family Orycteropodidae -aardvarks
nocturnal, long slender skull and dentary, reduced dentition, myrmecophagous, live in burrows, big ears and huge nose (fleshy tentacles: sensory, dense haris: mask for digging)
Synapamorphies:
sensory tentacles, molar teeth lack enamel, dentene around tooth and exposed pulp cavity (soft structure- soft diet) |
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Term
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Definition
O. Proboscidea (elephants)
O. Hyracoidea (hyraxes)
O. Sirenia (manatees) |
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Term
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Definition
Su. O. Paenungulata (really Su. O. Afrotheria)
F. Elephantidae
synapamorphies:
graviportal limbs: straight under body (cylindrical) for weight bearing
trunk muscular hydrostat
teeth replaced through mesial drift
pneumatic cavities in skull to lighten load
hypsodont/lophodont - browsing and grazing
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Term
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Definition
F. Procaviidae- hyraxes
Paenungulata
synapamorphies:
upper incisors triangular in cross section, tricuspid lower incisors, 2 cecums, mesaxsonic foot |
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Term
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Definition
New World: manatee
Old World: dugong
synapamorphies:
long, horizontally oriented lungs
pachyostosis: dense bones- sink with ease (not as in cetaceans!) |
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