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| Located in Northern Africa and has created a barrier for trade and ideas between Northern Africa and the rest of Africa. |
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| the spreading of the desert |
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| Grass lands south of the Sahara desert where desertification is occurring. |
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| Site of the ancient Egyptian civilization |
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| The very dangerous southern tip of Africa where sailors had to navigate around in order to sail around Africa to get to Asia from Europe or vice versa. |
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| Early trading group in Eastern African that was responsible for setting up trade routes between Africa and the Arabian peninsula. |
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| A kingdom of Western Africa that thrived mostly in the Congo rainforest. It was known for its traditional lifestyle, trade networks and artistic development. |
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The West African Kingdoms that were famous for the
gold-salt trade across the Sahara desert. |
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| Mali King who was responsible for spreading Islam across Northern Africa through the gold-salt trade network. |
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| Capital of the Mali Empire which was the center of trade and Islamic culture in West Africa. |
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| The western coast of Africa which historically was an area of great wealth, first because of the gold that was found and traded there and then during the slave trade era the staging ground for the Middle Passage. |
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| traditional religion for many African tribes which believed that there were spirits in nature. Often compared to Shinto of Japan. |
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Period in African history from the early 1500’s until the
early 1800’s when Africans were being captured in Africa
and shipped to the Americas to work on the American
plantations as slaves. |
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| The part of the African slave experience which was the boat ride across the Atlantic Ocean in awful conditions. |
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| The sharing of products between the Old World (Africa, Europe and the Middle East) and the New World (the Americas) when they first came into contact. |
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| During the late 1800’s there was a renewed interest in Africa by Europeans to gain as many colonies in Africa as possible to obtain natural resources for industrialization. |
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| Berlin Conference of 1884 |
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| Meeting by Europeans to split Africa into European colonies. Europeans did not invite any Africa leaders to help them so many unfriendly tribes were put in similar colonies while friendly tribes were split up. This conference is believed to be the cause of many ethnic problems and civil wars that Africa has faced since the colonies were disbanded after World War II |
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| Dutch settlers who settled in settled in South Africa. |
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| War between the British and Dutch for control of South Africa. The British feated the Boers and forced them to migrate away from the coast in South Africa. |
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| Historic African tribe who bravely fought against European invaders especially in South Africa. |
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| the migration of Boer farmers with their African servants from the Cape Colony to the north and east of South Africa from about 1836 to 1845 to escape British authority |
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| Transvaal/Orange Free State |
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| former province of NE South Africa: colonized by the Boers after the Great Trek (1836); became a British colony in 1902 |
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| Laws in the country of South Africa that greatly restricted the rights of their black citizens. |
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| One of the more infamous apartheid laws. The law forced black citizens of South Africa to carry around passes when traveling outside of their compounds or designated areas. These laws greatly restricted movement of non-whites within their own country of South Africa. |
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| It was a group in South Africa that was fighting against apartheid. Stands for African National Congress |
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| Leader of the ANC and eventually became the first black President of South Africa. |
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| belief that African nations must work together to make Africa a stronger continent for all. |
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| an organization of African states established in 2002, it aims to encourage economic development and political stability through increased cooperation between its members. |
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