Term
| Describe the conditions of black life in the Jim crow south. How were children prepared for summer trips to the south ? |
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Definition
| Blacks couldn't eat at public restrooms, they couldn't rent hotel rooms, they had to walk 3 and 4 miles to school, compared it to Apartheid in South Africa ; they had no protection from the law; regardless of whther you were wealthy or not, you were "just another nigga" ; They had to prep anyone before going to mississsippi, letting them know what to do and what not to do. |
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Term
| Why was it so powerful for Mamie Till Bradley to choose to have an open-casket funeral for the world to see? |
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Definition
| She wanted the whole world to see what they had did to her son . She felt like God chose for this to happen to Emmitt Till in order to open the eyes of others , and advance the Civil Rights movement. |
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Term
| What was so great about Moses Wright ? |
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Definition
| He actually testified against the two white men in court.This showed exactly how brave he was. |
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Term
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Definition
| The police safety commissioner in Birmingham, Alabama. He was brutal, and had a very strong dislike for black people. He basically kept segregation alive too. |
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Term
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Definition
| The governor of Alabama who stated " Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" |
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Term
| What served as a political headquarters for movements for black people ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the name of the baptist church in alabama where the bombing occured ? |
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Definition
| Sixteenth Street Baptist Church .( happened on Sunday, September 15, 1963) |
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Term
| Gender roles were still what ? |
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Definition
| present within families during this time period. |
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Term
| Who was Robert (Bob) Chambliss ? |
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Definition
| He wore the name "dynamite bomb". He was a part of the ku klux klan , and him and others are the ones who planted the bomb inside of sixteenth street baptist church for the birmingham bombing. His own niece ended up testifiying against him , which led him to being convicted on account of 4 different 3rd degree murders. He had the audacity to come back and watch the trial. |
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Term
| What is and what year is the DOUBLE V CAMPAIGN >? |
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Definition
| YEAR IS : wORLD wAR 2 ERA ; 1942. tHE DOUBLE V CAMPAIGN = Victory over fascism abroad, and victory over discrimination at home. Black newspapers created the Double V Campaign to build black morale and head off radical action. Their efforts redefined citizenship, equating their patriotism with war work, and seeking equal employment opportunities, government entitlements, and better working conditions as conditions appropriate for full citizens. |
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Term
| What is and what year is EXECUTIVE ORDER 8802 ? 9 Hint , we love President Roosevelt for this ) |
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Definition
signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941... 1941 !!
to prohibit racial discrimination in the national defense industry. It was the first federal action, though not a law, to promote equal opportunity and prohibit employment discrimination in the United States. The President's statement that accompanied the Order cited the war effort, saying that "the democratic way of life within the nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups," and cited reports of discrimination:[1] |
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Term
| what is and what year is EXECUTIVE ORDER 9981 ? ( HINT , WE LOVE pRESIDENT tRUMAN FOR THIS ..He was true to man for this ) |
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Definition
issued on July 26, 1948 by President Harry S. Truman....1948.
It abolished racial discrimination in the armed forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services |
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Term
| what is and what year was BROWN VS. BOARD OF EDUCATION ? ( Thurgood Marshall successfully argues that segragation in the schools is wrong ) |
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Definition
| Year is 1954...1954 case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 which allowed state-sponsored segregation. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." As a result, de jure racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the civil rights movement |
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Term
| what is , and what year is the EMMITT TILL MURDER ? who was his murderers ? |
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Definition
| Bryant and Milam was his murderers. He was accused of flirting with a white woman . the men were found not guilty. The year was 19555... Till was murdered in 1955 :( |
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Term
| What is and what year was the MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT ? |
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Definition
| was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The campaign lasted from December 1, 1955, when Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person, to December 20, 1956, when a federal ruling, Browder v. Gayle, took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional.[1] Many important figures in the civil rights movement took part in the boycott, including Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. and Ralph Abernathy. year is 1955...Montgomery Bus Boycott year is 1955!!! |
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Term
| What is , and what year is LITTLE ROCK NINE ? |
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Definition
| The Little Rock Nine were a group of African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. The ensuing Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, and then attended after the intervention of President Eisenhower. The U.S. Supreme Court issued its historic Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 347 U.S. 483, on May 17, 1954. The decision declared all laws establishing segregated schools to be unconstitutional, and it called for the desegregation of all schools throughout the nation.[1] After the decision, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) attempted to register black students in previously all-white schools in cities throughout the South. In Little Rock, the capital city of Arkansas, the Little Rock School Board agreed to comply with the high court's ruling. Virgil Blossom, the Superintendent of Schools, submitted a plan of gradual integration to the school board on May 24, 1955, which the board unanimously approved. The plan would be implemented during the fall of the 1957 school year, which would begin in September 1957. By 1957, the NAACP had registered nine black students to attend the previously all-white Little Rock Central High, selected on the criteria of excellent grades and attendance.The year was ... 1957...Little Rock Nine year was 1957. |
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Term
| What is and what year was BETTY JEAN OWENS ? ( Hint : think yay for Betty. Of course they'd give my grandma justice over those 4 .) |
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Definition
| Betty Jean Owens is an African American woman who was brutally raped by four white men in Tallahassee, Florida during 1959.[1] Her trial was significant in Florida, and the South as a whole, because the white men were given life sentences for their crimes. This severe of a sentencing had not occurred for white men in the South accused of raping black women previous to Owens' case. Year is 1959...the year for Betty Jean Owens is 1959. |
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Term
| what is and what year was RECY TAYLOR ? ( Hint think 6 , and no justice ..smh.) |
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Definition
| an African American woman from Abbeville in Henry County, Alabama. On September 3, 1944, she was kidnapped while leaving church and brutally gang raped by six white men.[1] Even though the men admitted the rape to authorities, two grand juries subsequently declined to indict the men, meaning no charges were ever brought against Taylor's six assailants. Year is ..1944... the year for Recy Taylor is 1944. |
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Term
| what is , and what year was the MARCH ON WASHINGTON ? |
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Definition
| The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (or "The Great March on Washington", as styled in a sound recording released after the event)[1][2] was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history[3] and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans. It took place in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr., standing in front of the Lincoln Memorial, delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech advocating racial harmony during the march.[4] ( women were upset that they weren't asked to march nor speak at this event though smh ). The march is widely credited with helping to pass the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Voting Rights Act (1965). The year is 1963...the year for the march on washington is 1963. |
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Term
| What was the overall period of the CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT ? |
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Definition
| 1940's - 1960's. But just use Civil Rights Movements Era when unsure of the exact date ? |
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Term
| what is , and what year is the 16TH STREET BAPTITST CHURCH BOMBING ? |
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Definition
| The 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama was bombed on Sunday, September 15, 1963 as an act of racially motivated terrorism. The explosion at the African-American church, which killed four girls, marked a turning point in the U.S. 1960s Civil Rights Movement and contributed to support for passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The year is 1963..the year for the 16th street baptist church bombing is 1963 ( same as the march on washington). |
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Term
| who was BAYARD RUSTIN ? ( Hint: he was the homosexual one ) |
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Definition
| Rustin focused attention on the economic problems of working-class and unemployed African Americans, suggesting that the civil-rights movement had left its period of "protest" and had entered an era of "politics", in which the Black community had to ally with the labor movement. was an American leader in social movements for civil rights, socialism, pacifism and non-violence, and gay rights.was an American leader in social movements for civil rights, socialism, pacifism and non-violence, and gay rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| was an African-American civil rights and human rights activist beginning in the 1930s. She was a behind-the-scenes activist, whose career spanned over five decades. She worked alongside some of the most famous civil rights leaders of the 20th century, including W. E. B. Du Bois, Thurgood Marshall, A. Philip Randolph, and Martin Luther King Jr. She also mentored such then-young civil rights stalwarts as Diane Nash, Stokely Carmichael, Rosa Parks and Bob Moses. |
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Term
| who was SHIRLEY CHISHOLM ? |
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Definition
| In 1968, she became the first African-American woman elected to Congress.[4] On January 25, 1972, she became the first major-party black candidate for President of the United States and the first woman to run for the Democratic presidential nomination (Margaret Chase Smith had previously run for the 1964 Republican presidential nomination). |
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Term
| who was CHRALES HAMILTON HOUSTON ? |
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Definition
| was a prominent African American lawyer, Dean of Howard University Law School, and NAACP Litigation Director who played a significant role in dismantling the Jim Crow laws, which earned him the title The Man Who Killed Jim Crow.[1] He is also well known for having trained future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall.[2] He was also basically the architect for Brown vs. Board of education too. |
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Term
| There are a lot of untold stories where ? |
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Definition
| in terms of black women's involvement in organizing . |
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Term
| what event specifically showed how instrumental the black women are ? |
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Definition
| the montgomery bus boycott |
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Term
| Why was bayard rustin pretty much written out of history ? |
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Definition
| because he was a homosexual. |
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Term
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Definition
| a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. Detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history. As a spokesman for the Nation of Islam he taught black supremacy and advocated separation of black and white Americans—in contrast to the civil rights movement's emphasis on integration. |
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Term
| what is and what year was the NATION OF ISLAM ? |
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Definition
| The Nation of Islam's stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity.[1] Its critics accuse it of being black supremacist[2] and antisemitic. The year is 1930...the nation of islam was founded in 1930. |
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Term
| What groups represented this whole theme of "increased militancy and frustration" ? |
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Definition
| Malcom x, the noi ( nation of islam ), |
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Term
| what year , and what was SNCC ? |
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Definition
| The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) (pron.: /ˈsnɪk/) was one of the organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It emerged from a series of student meetings led by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in April 1960. SNCC grew into a large organization with many supporters in the North who helped raise funds to support SNCC's work in the South, allowing full-time SNCC workers to have a $10 per week salary. Many unpaid volunteers also worked with SNCC on projects in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Arkansas, and Maryland. SNCC played a major role in the sit-ins and freedom rides, a leading role in the 1963 March on Washington, Mississippi Freedom Summer, and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party over the next few years. SNCC's major contribution was in its field work, organizing voter registration drives all over the South, especially in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. The year for SNCC was the 1960's ...sncc year was 1960's. |
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Term
| what was the main thing that SNCC contributed ?? |
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Definition
| organizing voter registration drives all over the south. |
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Term
| what is , and what year was MFDP ? |
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Definition
| The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) was an American political party created in the state of Mississippi in 1964, during the civil rights movement. It was organized by black and white Mississippians, with assistance from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), to challenge the legitimacy of the white-only US Democratic Party. challeneged the legitimacy of the white only democratic party. the year was 1964... MFDP year was 1964 !! |
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Term
| what year , and what was the JFK assassination ? |
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Definition
| He was assassinated in the year 1963 ny Lee Harvey Oswald. |
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Term
| when was malcolm x assasinated ? |
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Definition
| he was assasinated in 1965. |
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Term
| When was mlk assasinated ? |
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Definition
| in 1968 . murdered in mephis by James Earl Ray. |
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Term
| what was , and what year is the MOYNIHAN REPORT ? |
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Definition
| THE YEAR IS 1965. It focused on the deep roots of black poverty in America and concluded controversially that the relative absence of nuclear families (those having both a father and mother present) would greatly hinder further progress toward economic and political equality. |
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Term
| what is , and what year was the BLACK PANTHER PARTY ? |
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Definition
| The year was 1966 . BPP year was 1966 ! Founded in Oakland, California by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale on October 15, 1966, the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling primarily for the protection of African-American neighborhoods from police brutality |
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Term
| who founded the black panther party in 1966 ? |
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Definition
| huey newton and bobby seale ! |
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Term
| how did the assaisination of malcolm, jfk , and mlk affect things ? |
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Definition
| caused more ppl to move towards a pro-black activist base; made it difficult for the movement as well. |
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Term
| Who was Fannie lou hamer ? |
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Definition
| She was instrumental in organizing Mississippi Freedom Summer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and later became the Vice-Chair of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, attending the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in that capacity. Her plain-spoken manner and fervent belief in the Biblical righteousness of her cause gained her a reputation as an electrifying speaker and constant activist of civil rights |
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Term
| who was Ruby Doris Smith Robinson ? |
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Definition
| worked with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from its earliest days in 1960 until her death in October 1967.[1] She served the organization as an activist in the field and as an administrator in the Atlanta central office. She eventually succeeded James Forman as SNCC's executive secretary and was the only woman ever to serve in this capacity. She was well respected by her SNCC colleagues and others within the movement for her work ethic and dedication to those around her. SNCC freedom singer Matthew Jones recalled, "You could feel her power in SNCC on a daily basis" (Jones 1989). Jack Minnis, director of SNCC's opposition research unit, insisted that people could not fool her. Minnis was convinced that she had a "100 percent effective shit detector" (Minnis 1990). |
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Term
| who was stokely carmichael ? |
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Definition
| rose to prominence in the civil rights and Black Power movements, first as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced "snick") and later as the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party. |
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Term
| How did bobby seale for about sexism ? |
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Definition
| he felt like , how can yall be against racism , but for sexism |
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