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AFAA
Definitions
55
Fitness
Not Applicable
04/07/2011

Additional Fitness Flashcards

 


 

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Term
EXCESS POST-OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (EPOC)
Definition
Known as oxygen debt, refers to oxygen uptake remaining elevated above resting levels for several minutes durning exercise recovery.
Term
OXYGEN DEFICIT
Definition
A period in which the level of oxygen consumption is below what is necessary to supply appropriate ATP production required of any exercise.
Term
ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD
Definition
The point at which the body can no longer meet its demand for oxygen and anaerobic metabolism is accelerated.
Term
AEROBIC CAPACITY
Definition
The ability of the body to remove oxygen from the air and transfer it through the lungs and blood to the working muscles; related to cardiorespiratory endurance.
Term
LACTIC ACID
Definition
The by-product of anaerobic metabolism of glucose or glycogen in the muscle.
Term
STROKE VOLUME
Definition
The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle of the heart durning a single sysole.
Term
CARDIAC OUTPUT
Definition
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute.
Term
VENOUS RETURN
Definition
The pumping action of the muscles in the extremities & respiratory system along with venconstriction to move oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
Term
BLOOD POOLING
Definition
A condition caused by ceasing vigorous exercise too abruptly so that blood remains in the extremities and may not be delivered quickly enough to the heart and brain.
Term
VITAL CAPACITY
Definition
The greatest volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after the deepest inspiration.
Term
VALSALVA MANEUVER
Definition
A dangerous condition that can occur if an individual holds thier breath, causing the glottis to close and stomach muscles to contract, forming an unequal pressure in the chest cavity, reduced blood flow to the heart, and insufficient oxygen supply to the brain. Dizziness, temporary loss of consciousness may occur.
Term
WHAT IS THE BLOOD PRESSURE NORMS
Definition
Rest blood pressure of the healthy person averages around 120/80 mmHg
A resting blood pressure of 140/90 is concidered to be high.
Term
JOINT
Definition
The point at which two or more bones meet or articulate and where movement occurs.
Term
LIGAMENT
Definition
Connects bone to bone & helps prevent joint dislocation.
Term
TENDON
Definition
Band of dense fibrous tissue forming the termination of a muscle and attaching muscle to bone with a minimum of elasticity.
Term
CARTILAGE
Definition
White; semi-opaque fibrous connective tissue; cushions & prevents wear on articular surfaces.
Term
ANTERIOR
Definition
To the front.
Term
POSTERIOR
Definition
To the back or behind.
Term
MEDIAL
Definition
Toward the midline of the body.
Term
LATERAL
Definition
Side to side away from the midline.
Term
SUPINE
Definition
Lying face up.
Term
PRONE
Definition
Lying face down.
Term
SUPERIOR
Definition
Upper part of the body.
Term
INFERIOR
Definition
Lower part of the body.
Term
UNLATERAL
Definition
Affects only one side of the body.
Term
BILATERAL
Definition
Affects both sides of the body equally.
Term
HORIZONTAL
Definition
Plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves.
Term
SAGITTAL
Definition
Planes that divides the body into right and left parts.
Term
FRONTAL
Definition
A plane, vertical, to the median line that divides the body into anterior/posterior part.
Term
FLEXION
Definition
Bending of a joint between two bones that decreases the angle between the two bones.
Term
EXTENSION
Definition
A motion of increasing the angle between two bones, straightening of a muscle previously bent in flexion.
Term
ABDUCTION
Definition
Movement away from the midline of the body.
Term
ADDUCTION
Definition
Movement toward the midline of the body.
Term
ROTATION
Definition
Movement around an axis
Term
CIRCUMDUCTION
Definition
Movement in which the extremity describes a 360 degree cirle.
Term
AGONIST
Definition
The muscle performing the work.
Term
ANTAGONIST
Definition
Is the muscle opposing the agonist.
Term
PRIMARY MOVERS
Definition
Are the muscles performing the work.
Term
ASSISTORS
Definition
Are the muscles that help perform the same task.
Term
STABILIZERS
Definition
Help prevent undesired or unnecessary motions.
Term
ISOMETRIC
Definition
No joint movement occurs, however energy is expended & calories are burned to maintain the contraction. Muscle will only be strong at the joint angle used.
Term
CONCENTRIC
Definition
The muscle fibers are shortening & positive work is done against gravity or an external resistance. Requires the most energy.
Term
ECCENTRIC
Definition
Or negative work, occurs when the muscle fibers lengthen & the bony levers move into the direction of gravity. Requires the least amount of energy.
Term
ISOTONIC
Definition
Is one in which the tension remains constant as the muscle shortens or lengthens (Free weights/resistance machines)
Term
ISOKINETIC
Definition
Controlled or movements are those in which the muscle shortens at a constant rate, and cannot be done without the use of specialized equipment.
Term
CONCENTRIC
Definition
The upward or "Shortening" phase of a biceps curl.
Term
ECCENTRIC
Definition
The lengthening phase.
Term
ISOMETRIC
Definition
Static/held position
Term
SLOW TWITCH FIBERS
Definition
What fibers are designed for prolonged, submaximal aerobic activities & are slow to fatigue, they are used for long term, low to moderate intensity activites ranging from maintaining proper posture to long distance running.
Term
FAST TWITCH FIBERS
Definition
What fibers are ablt to generate quick, high intensity contractions but are more easily fatigued because they rely predominately on anaerobic metabolic system for energy.
Term
KYPHOSIS
Definition
(Hump) Refers to an exaggerated curve in the thoracic area.
Term
SCOLIOSIS
Definition
(Twisted) Most common & is a lateral bending of the spine.
Term
LORDOSIS
Definition
(Bent backward) Is increased concave curve in the lumbar portion of the spine.
Term
STRETCH REFLEX
Definition
A reaction in which two receptors, the muscle spindle and the golgi tendon organ (GTO) detect when a muscle has been extended or stretched & respond by cuing the muscle to contract or release. Anytime a muscle stretched, a signal is sent to contract that same muscle.
Term
BALLISTIC
Definition
Could strain the muscle. It includes bouncing or explosive movement unsustained. Causes muscle soreness. The muscle spindles sense the changes in muscle length & causes a muscular contraction.
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