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| The interrelation of the actions of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems to create movement. |
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| Study of how forces affect a living body. |
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| Standard reference posture where the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, and the palms and head both face forward. |
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CLOSER to center of body
ex. shoulder |
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FARTHER FROM center of body
ex. wrist |
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Plane: forwards and backwards (ex. walking)
Joint Action: flexion and extension |
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Plane: side to side (ex. jumping jacks)
Joint Action: abduction, adduction, lateral flexion, eversion, inversion |
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Plane: rotation
Joint action: pronation, supination, internal and external rotation, horizontal abduction and adduction |
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ANGLE DECREASE
Bending at a joint where the relative angle between two bones decreases. |
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ANGLE INCREASE
Movement at a joint in which the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases. |
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FLEX
Anterior flexion of the ankle, where the top of the foot moves up and away from the ground. |
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POINT
Posterior extension at the ankle where the top of the
foot moves down toward the ground. |
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OUT
Moving away from the midline. |
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IN
Moving towards the midline |
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ROLL ANKLE OUT
Bottom of the foot rotates inwards (medially). |
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ROLL ANKLE IN
Bottom of the foot rotates outward (laterally). |
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Movement of the shoulder blades closer to the spine.
ex. row |
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Movement of the shoulder blade forward and away from
the spine.
ex. deadlift |
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Turning of a limb or body segment toward the midline
of the body.
ex. from hip rotate foot IN |
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Turning of a limb or body segment away from the midline of the body.
ex. from hip, rotate foot OUT |
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Tri-planar movement (eversion, dorsiflexion, abduction).
ex. palms UP |
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Tri-planar movement (plantar flexion, inversion, adduction).
ex. palms DOWN |
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Lateral-rotational movement away from the midline of the body.
ex. outward motion of deltoid fly |
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Medial-rotational movement toward the midline of the body.
ex. inward motion of chest fly |
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| Muscles that produce flexion (DEcreased angle) of a limb or joint. |
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| Muscles that produce extension (INcreased angle) of a limb or joint. |
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| Muscles that produce adduction (moving IN) of a limb or joint. |
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| Muscles that produce abduction (moving OUT) of a limb or joint. |
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| Muscles that produce pronation of a limb or body segment. (plantar flexion, inversion, adduction) |
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| Muscles that produce supination of a limb or body segment. (eversion, dorsiflexion, abduction) |
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| The starting point from which an individual moves; a pose in which the body is standing in its natural, relaxed position. |
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| Positioning of the body during any movement. |
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| Occurring in more than one plane of motion. |
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FACING UP
Body position where one is lying on the back and facing upward. |
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FACE DOWN
Body position where one is lying face downward. |
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Production of tension while shortening in length.(flexion)
ex. upward motion of squat |
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Production of tension while
maintaining in length. |
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Production of tension while
increasing in length. (extension)
ex. lowering of biceps curl |
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| A muscle’s primary concentric (shortening) functions. |
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Action of a muscle when generating an eccentric (lengthening) contraction. A muscle that decelerates a movement is reducing the speed in order to maintain control and avoid injury.
ex. landing plyometric jumps |
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BEGINNING
The relatively stationary attachment site where a muscle begins. (Attached to bone.) |
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END
The relatively mobile attachment
site of a muscle’s distal end. |
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MUSCLE TO BONE
Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force. |
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Plane (ex. sagittal)
Body Position (ex. supine)
Type of Modality
(ex. equipment)
Joint Action (ex. extension)
Primary Muscle (ex. target muscle) |
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