Term
| What is the role of the inner mitochondiral membrane? |
|
Definition
| electron transport system, ATP synthase |
|
|
Term
| What are he folded membranes of the inner mitochondria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the interior of the mitochondria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate from glycolysis is completed ________ to CO2 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ enters the mitochondria and is converted to ________ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are other names for the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
| kreb's, tricarboxyclic acid, TCA |
|
|
Term
| What happens to pyruvate when it enters the mitochondria? |
|
Definition
| converted to a 2-carbon acetyl group |
|
|
Term
| For acetyl group to be used for further reactiosn it must be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the acetyl group activated? |
|
Definition
| bonded to thiol gorup of coenzyme A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large thiol derived from ATP and pantothenic acid, a vitamin |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the 3rd carbon of pyruvate when converted into the acetyl group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 1st step of pyruvate to acetyl CoA conversion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during decarboxylation? |
|
Definition
| loss of a carboxyl group as CO2 |
|
|
Term
| What is step 2 of pyruvate to acetyl CoA conversion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during oxidation? |
|
Definition
| NAD+ accepts hydride anion, forms NADH |
|
|
Term
| What is the 3rd step of pyruvate to acetyl CoA conversion. |
|
Definition
| coenzyme linkage to remaining acetyl group |
|
|
Term
| What are the reactions catalyzed by? |
|
Definition
| pyruvate dehydrogenase complex |
|
|
Term
| What is pyruvate dehydrogenase complex made up of? |
|
Definition
| 3 enzymes and 5 coenzymes |
|
|
Term
| What is the major function of acetyl CoA? |
|
Definition
| carry acetyl group ot the citric acid cycle |
|
|
Term
| What other functions does Acetyl CoA have? |
|
Definition
| biosynthetic reactiosn to produce cholesterol and fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| Acetyl CoA permits interconversion of what energy sources? |
|
Definition
| fats, proteins, carbohydrates |
|
|
Term
| Degrading what produces Acetyl CoA? |
|
Definition
| glucose, fatty acids, some amino acids |
|
|
Term
| What is the final electron acceptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What feeds the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many steps are in the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condensation reaction between the acetyl group of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate |
|
|
Term
| Reaction 1: What is the substrate? |
|
Definition
| oxaloacetate, acetyl CoA, H2O |
|
|
Term
| Reaction 1: What is the product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for citrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reaction 1: What is the enzyme? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reaction 2: What is it part 1 of the reaction? |
|
Definition
| dehydration reaction of citrate followed by hydration to isocitrate |
|
|
Term
| Reaction 2: What is part 2 of the reaction? |
|
Definition
| hydration of cis-Aconitate to isocitrate |
|
|
Term
| Reaction 2: What is the enzyme involved in reaction 2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reaction 2: What is the substrate involved with part I of reaction 2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reaction 2: What is the product of part 1 of reaction 2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the substrate of part 2 of reaction 2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the product of reaction 2 part 2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reaction 3 is the first ______ step of the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the hydroxyl group of isoctirate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat is released as a result of decarboxylation in reaction 3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What coenzyme is released as a product of reaction 3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the enzyme for reaction 3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the substrate for reaction 3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the product of reaction 3? |
|
Definition
| alpha-ketoglutarate, CO2, NADH |
|
|
Term
| What happens during reaction 4? |
|
Definition
| coenzyme A attaches to the alpha-ketoglutarate |
|
|
Term
| What is the substrate for reaction 4? |
|
Definition
| alpha-ketoglutarate, NAD+, coenzyme A |
|
|
Term
| WHat is the product for reaction 4? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the enzyme for reaction 4? |
|
Definition
| alpha-ketoglurate dehydrogenase complex |
|
|
Term
| Where does the CO2 for reaction 4 come from? |
|
Definition
| carboxylate group of alpah-ketoglutarate |
|
|
Term
| Conezyme A combine with succinate to form what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during reaction 5? |
|
Definition
| succinyl CoA is converted to succinate |
|
|
Term
| What is the enzyme involved with reaction 5? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the substrate for reaction 5? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the product of reaction 5? |
|
Definition
| succinate, GTP, coenzyme A |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the GTP during reaction 5? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the enzyme involved in converting GTP to ATP? |
|
Definition
| dinucleotide diphosphokinase |
|
|
Term
| What happens during reaciton 6? |
|
Definition
| succinate is oxidized to form fumarate |
|
|
Term
| What is the enzyme involved in reaction 6? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the oxidizing agent in reaction 6? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the substrate in reaciton 6? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the product of reaction 6? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during reaction 7? |
|
Definition
| fumarate is reduced to Malate |
|
|
Term
| What is the substrate for reaction 7? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the product for reaction 7? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the enzyme for reaction 7? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is fumarate reduced to malate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during reaction 8? |
|
Definition
| malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate |
|
|
Term
| What is the substrate for reaction 8? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the product for reaction 8? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat is the enzyme for reaction 8? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much CO2 is produced during one citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many oxidations provide hydrogen for NADH and FAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much NADH is formed during the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much FADH2 is formed during the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many GTP are formed during the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much ATP does NADH provide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much ATP does FADH2 provide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| final component for oxidative phosphorylation, multiprotein complex |
|
|
Term
| Enzyme to convert NADH to NAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much ATP is produced during glycolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much ATP is produced during susbtrate-level phosphorylaiton of glycolysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many NADH are produced during glycolysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much energy is required to begin glycolysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many NADH are produced converting two pyruvate to 2 acetyl CoA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many GTP are produced during the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many NADH are formed during the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many FADH2 are formed during the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the net energy produced from one glucose molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The complete oxidation of glucose yields how many CO2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The complete oxidation of glucose yields how many H2O? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The complete oxidation of glucose yields how many ATP? |
|
Definition
|
|
