Term
Enterobacteriaceae characteristics |
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Definition
non spore forming facultative anaerobic Gram Negative rods |
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Term
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Definition
Diseases: UTI, sepsis, neonatal meningitis, "traveler's diarrhea" Characteristics: Facultative Gram negative rods, Lactose + fermenation Habitat and Transmission: Colon, vagina, urethra. Fecal-oral transmission. Given to neonates during birth Pathogenesis: - Enterotoxins
- LT - heat labile
- + adenylate cyclase → ↑cAMP
- ion outflow → diarrhea
- ST -heat stabile
- Verotoxin
- inhibits protein synthesis and cause bloody diarrhea in O157 strains
- Predisposing factors
- anus close to vagina
- short urethra
- indwelling urinary catheters
Clinical Findings: - UTI's
- predominately in women that can go to bladder
- bladder involvement = cystitis
- kidney involvement = pyelonephritis
- fever, chills and flank pain
- Meningitis (K1 capsular Ag)
- Diarrhea
- water,, nonbloody, self-limited (1-3 days)
- Bloody Diarrhea
Lab Dx: - Gram Neg rod culture
- Lactose fermenting
- Green Sheen on EMB
- Indole Positive
Tx: Ampicillin or sulfonamides for UTI. 3rd generation cephalosporins for meningitis and sepsis. Rehydration for diarrhea Prevention: cood food, catheters
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Term
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Definition
Gram-negative rod similar to K. pneumoniae HA pneumonia, UTI and sepsis Highly antibiotic resistant |
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Term
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Definition
Diseases: Pneumonia, UTI and sipsis Characteristics: Facultative gram-negative rods with large capsule Habitat and Transmission: Upper respiratory and enteric tracts. Transmitted by inhalation or repiratory droplets. Fecal flora Pathogenesis: - Endotoxin - fever, shock, sepsis
- antiphagocytic capsule
- Chronic pulmonary dz and catheters predisposes
Clinical Findings: - UTI and pneumonia - alcoholics at risk
- thick, bloody sputum
Lab Dx: - Gram-negative
- mucoid colonies
- Lactose-fermenting colonies on MacConkey's agar
Tx: Cephalosporins
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Term
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Definition
Enteric gram-negative rod similar to K. pneumoniae. HA pneumonia, UTI, and sepsis, endocarditis in drug users
Red Pigmented colonies
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Term
Proteus mirabilis and other Proteus |
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Definition
Diseases: UTI and sepsis Characteristics: - Facultative gram-negative rods.
- Non-lactose fermenting
- Highly motile - Swarming
- Urease Positive
- Weil-felix test
Habitat and Transmission:colon and environment. Spread of fecal flora to urinary tract Pathogenesis: - Endotoxin - fever, shock, sepsis syndrome
- Urease - ↑ urine pH and leads to "struvite stones"
Lab Dx: - Gram-negative culture
- "swarming effect"
- Lactose Negative
- Urease +
Tx: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or ampicillin Prevention: None |
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