Term
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Definition
| a virus that is weakened and used to make attenuated vaccines |
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Term
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Definition
| a nonliving particle made up of nucleic acid and a protein coat or a lipid-protein coat |
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Term
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Definition
| a solid figure with twenty plane faces, especially equilateral triangularho ones |
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Definition
| the outer layer of protein that encloses a virus |
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Definition
| bilipid membrane that surrounds the capsid, formed from either the nuclear membrane or the cell membrane of the host cell |
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Term
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Definition
| contains reverse transcriptase. reverse transcriptase uses RNA as a template to make DNA which then inserts into the host cell's genome. |
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Definition
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Definition
| viruses that infect bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| a virus invades a host cell, reproduces new viruses, and ruptures the host cell when releasing newly formed viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| viruses that produce only by the lytic cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| allows viruses to hide in their host cell for a few days |
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Term
| Who is a person who studies viruses? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| He isolated the TMV virus that causes Tobacco Mosaic Disease |
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Term
| what are the tools of a virologist? |
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Definition
| cell culture, and SEM: to see the outside of a virus, and TEM: to see the inside of a cell, serology, electrophoresis, and Nucleic acid sequencing |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of antigen and antibody reactions in blood serum |
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Term
| What is the structure of a virus? |
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Definition
In the center of every virus there is either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a layer of proteins called a capsid
*certain viruses have an envelope around them that is composed of phospholipids and proteins |
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Term
| How do viruses get taken into cells? |
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Definition
| plant cells: rips or tears in cell walls, bacteriophage: it injects its DNA into the cell wall, and animal cells: phagocytosis |
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Term
| What determines the classification of a virus? |
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Definition
| which nucleic acid is in the capsid |
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Term
| classify herpes or whatever |
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Definition
| DNA virus: herpesviruses: std herpes, cold sores, chicken pox, and shingles |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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| what is the structure of bacteria? |
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Definition
| no nucleus: DNA and ribosomes float around in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall and its surrounded by a capsule |
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Term
| what organelle in a prokaryotic cell is similar to the cell membrane in a bacterial cell? |
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Definition
| the cell membrane is similar to the mitochondria and chloroplasts |
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Term
| what is the classification of viruses? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the classification for bacteria? |
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Definition
| Archaea bacteria and eubacteria, and they are all separated by differences in peptidoglycan: Archaea bacteria: none, Gram - little amounts, gram + big amounts |
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Term
| What are the reproduction cycles for viruses? |
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Definition
Lytic cycle: reproduction cycly of a virulent virus, cell explodes in the end
Lysogenic cycle: reproduction of a temperate virus, no explosion |
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Term
| how do bacteria reproduce? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three forms of which bacteria reproduce? |
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Definition
Conjugation: 2 viruses exchange plasmids through a sex pili
Transformation: bacteria takes in DNA from its environment,
Transduction: prophage obtains host DNA and transfers it to a new cell |
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Term
| how do viruses cause disease? |
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Definition
| it is put in a vector and is spread through DNA and it causes cell/tissue destruction |
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Term
| how do bacteria cause disease? |
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Definition
| tissue destruction and toxin production |
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Term
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Definition
| you cannot, but u can take drug therapy and treat the symptoms |
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Term
| how can u treat bacterial infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is essential for a virus to survive? |
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Definition
| it must have a living host cell |
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Term
| what is special about the memory fuction in the immune system? |
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Definition
| once the body gets a disease and it goes away, it well recognize the disease in the future and you cannot get it again |
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Term
| what is a pandemic? what was responsible for the pandemic of 1918 |
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Definition
| a worldwide outbreak of disease; influenze |
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Term
| why might the destruction of the rain forest cause the emergence of unknown disease? |
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Definition
| releasing viruses from unknown species |
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Term
| how can a virus be used to improve human genetic composition? |
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Definition
| it can deliver missing DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| a virus stimulating an immune reaction |
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Term
| what does the cytoplasm of bacterium contain? |
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Definition
| minerals and ions necessary for life |
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Term
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Definition
| flagella- long whiplike tails that move them in a circular motion, some secrete a slime and use wavelike contractions to move through it, and spirillum move in a corkscrew rotation |
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Term
| how do parasitic bacteria survive? |
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Definition
| they eat in or on a host cell (E. coli) |
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Term
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Definition
| they eat dead things, they are decomposers |
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Term
| describe the types of autotrophic bacteria: |
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Definition
| chemoautotrophic: live deep in trenches and use chemical reactions to make food |
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Term
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Definition
| they get their food/ glucose from sunlight - they are found on the surface of lakes |
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Term
| obligate anaerobes and an example |
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Definition
| must not have oxygen and C. botulinum (botulism) |
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Term
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Definition
| can live with or without oxygen (E. coli) |
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Term
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Definition
| must have oxygen, teburculosis |
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Term
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Definition
| they contain reverse transcriptase, which is an enzyme that enables the virus to make viral DNA, the Viral DNA then makes viral mRNA which directs the production of new viruses |
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Term
| what is the name of a scientist that studies the spread of infectious disease called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the characteristics of bacteria? |
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Definition
| prokaryotic, microscopic and unicellular |
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Term
| what are the shapes of bacteria? |
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Definition
coccus - spherical shape, make staph and strep
Bacillus - rod shaped (E. coli)
spirillum - spiral/ corkscrew (Treponema pallidum - causes syphilis) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| describe archaea bacteria |
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Definition
*live in extreme places
*have unique rRNA
*cell membrane and cell wall compositions are unique too |
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Term
halophiles:
thermoacidophiles:
Methanogens: |
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Definition
:live in the dead sea and great salt lake, they love salt
:love heat and acid so they live in vents in volcanoes, and hot springs
:cow intestines, |
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Term
| what is gram + eubacterium killed by? gram -? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the shapes of gram - and + ? |
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Definition
-: spirillum
+: coccus and bacillum |
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Term
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Definition
| a glycoprotein particle implicated in diseases with a long incubation period |
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Term
| what are the steps of the lytic cycle? |
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Definition
adsorption: virus attaches to receptor proteins on the host cell
entry: virus enters the cell (DNA is injected)
replication: viral parts are maufactured in the cell
assembly: the parts are assembled
release: the cell is weakened, ruptures, and releases the viruses |
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