Term
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Definition
We prefer feedback that supports our existing self-concepts. We seek self-concepts that are accurate, consistent, and coherent.
Cognitive mechanisms - Biased attention and memory to self-confirming feedback.
Interpersonal mechanisms - behavioral choices and self-presentations, selection of partners.
Self-enhancement - people prefer compliments to criticism. We tend to view the world and ourselves in ways that are self-serving.
People with poor self-concepts - Self-enhancement is automatic and affective. Self-verification is controlled and cognitive. |
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Term
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Definition
Automatic, involuntary, and unconscious - often based on emotional responses.
Give rise to implicit attitudes and beliefs that cannot be readily controlled by the conscious mind.
Skill acquisition - skills that can be carried out without our awareness.
Production of beliefs and behaviors without our awareness of the cognitive processes that have generated them. |
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Term
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Definition
conscious, systematic, and deliberate - can override automatic responses
Results in explicit attitudes and beliefs of which we are aware, may become implicit or unconscious over time. |
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Term
| Persistence of Social Judgment |
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Definition
Our judgments are constrained by our preconceptions - often in subtle ways - and even when they are entirely arbitrary as in anchoring effects.
Our judgments then shape our interest in and attention to subsequent data (confirmation bias).
Memories are quietly edited to fit what we think (reconstructive memory)
Beliefs can even outlast the discrediting of the information used to create them (belief perseverance effects - Betty the homosexual).
Our judgments have behavioral effects too (self-fulfilling prophecies and behavioral confirmation of erroneous inferences, superstitions).
Availability heuristic |
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