Term
| Herbs from _______ and _________ seem to have a higher incidence of tampered components. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four classes of herbs? |
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Definition
*1. Safe when used appropriately
2. Restrictions (Ok unless in one of the following classes)
-External use only
-Not used in pregnancy
-Not used while nursing
-Other restrictions as noted
3. Label must read "needs to be used only under the supervision of an expert qualified in the appropriate use of this substance"
4. Insufficient data |
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Term
| What is an ingredient found in herbs that can cause liver carcinomas? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are no regulation for Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids for how much can be contained in herbal supplements. What problems other than Liver carcinogenisis can this cause? |
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Definition
*Jaundice
*Increased Liver Enzymes
*Hepatitis
*Severe Cholistasis |
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Term
| What problems can Comfrey and Colts Foot cause? |
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Definition
| *Carcinogenic and Hepatotoxic |
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Term
| What problems are associated with Chaparral? |
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Definition
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Term
| What problems are associated with Ephedra? |
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Definition
*Mania
*Arrythmias
*HTN
*Dependence |
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Term
| What problems are associated with Licorice? |
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Definition
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Term
| What problems are associated with Lobelia? |
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Definition
*Seizures
*Coma with overdose |
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Term
| What problems are associated with Sassafras? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to ASA when should herbal medications be dcd? |
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Definition
| *2 weeks prior to surgery |
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Term
| When should Echinecea be dcd? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should Ephedra be dcd? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should garlic be dcd? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should Ginko be dcd? |
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Definition
| *36 hours prior to surgery |
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Term
| When should Ginseng be dcd? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should St. John Wart be dcd? |
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Definition
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Term
| What herb will have acute withdrawal symptoms if dcd suddenly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What six herbs can inhibit platelet activating factor, decrease platelet aggregation, and Exaggerate effects of Anticoagulants? |
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Definition
*Ginko
*Garlic
*Ginger
*Ginsing
*Echinacea
*Chamomile |
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Term
| What seven herbs can decrease blood sugar? |
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Definition
*Alfalfa
*Aloe
*Bitter Mellon
*Dandelion Root
*Eucalyptus
*Garlic
*Genseng |
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Term
| What herb can increase blood sugar levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 6 herbs can cause CNS stimulation? |
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Definition
*Feverfew
*St. John's Wart
*Goldenseal
*Mahaung
*Milk Thistle
*Yohimbine |
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Term
| What four herbs can cause CNS Depression leading to potentiation of effects of barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and opioids? |
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Definition
*Chamomile
*Kava
*Lavender
*Passion Flower |
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Term
| What herbs are commonly used for antidepressants? What drugs should you use with caution if a patient is taking one of these herbs? |
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Definition
*St John's Wart, Passion Flower, Ma-haung, Yohimbine
*Caution with tricyclics, SSRI's, and MAOI's |
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Term
| What CV effects does garlic have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect does Ephedra have on the CV system? |
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Definition
*Increases BP
*Palpitations |
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Term
| What CV effects does Ginger have? |
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Definition
*Decreases HR
*Positive inotrope |
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Term
| What CV effects does Gingsing have? |
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Definition
*Increase BP
*Increase HR |
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Term
| What CV effects does Licorice have? |
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Definition
| *Arrhythmias due to decreased K+ |
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Term
| What CV effects does black cohash have? |
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Definition
| *Decrease HR peripheral vasodilation |
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Term
| What are 9 of the most commonly used herbs? |
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Definition
*Echinacea
*Ephedra
*Garlic
*Gingko
*Ginseng
*Kava
*St. John's Wart
*Valerian
*Glucosamine Sulfate |
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Term
| What is garlic primarily used for? What is its active ingredient? |
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Definition
*Antioxidant effects
*Also decreases hyperlipidemia, antimicrobial, antiplatelet, and fibrinolytic effects.
*Active ingredient- Allicin |
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Term
| What is the largest concern with the use of garlic? What are some other potential side effects? |
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Definition
*Bleeding- associated with bleeding diathesis
*Other: decreases BP, enhances peristalsis, may decrease blood glucose
*Caution with other drugs that have blood thinning properties.
*Excessive use may lead to decreased Hgb and lysis of RBC's. |
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Term
| What negative effects can Ephedra have? |
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Definition
*CV: Cardiac arrhythmias, HTN, MI, Angina, and myocarditis
*Neuro: CVA's, Seizures (esp when comb. with caffeine)
*Psych: Mania, Psychosis or dependence
*Interactions with MAOIs |
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Term
| What herb has 100x more reports to the US poison control centers as any other herb? |
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Definition
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Term
What herb is taken to increase resistance to stress and restore homeostasis- is also used for invigoration and fortification in times of stress, fatigue, and declining capacity to work and concentrate.
Also increases the T-Lymphocytes in addition to cytotoxic and natural killers. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the major concerns with use of Ginseng? |
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Definition
*Main concern is platelet inhibition
*Others: Decreased effect of analgesics, possible HTN, CNS stimulation, increased HR, potential for hypoglycemia. |
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Term
| What herb is used as an antioxidant, for cerebral vascular/PVD, increases utilization and uptake of oxygen and glucose, also modulates neurotransmitters and stabilizes Ca membranes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effects does Ginko biloba have? |
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Definition
*Vasodilation
*Inhibition of platelet aggregation (inhibits platelet activating factor)
*N/V- diarrhea
*Seizures
*Caution with other drugs that can anticoagulate |
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Term
| What herb serves as a sleep aid, anxiolytic, potentiates GABA, has synergistic effects with sedatives, and has a case report of an alaprozolam coma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What herb is sometimes called nature's prozac and 3% of all presurgical patients use this? Also used for anxiety, cramps and chest congestion? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does St. John's Wart exert its effects? |
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Definition
| *Acts a nonspecific reuptake inhibitor of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine |
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Term
| What are some effects St. John's wart can have? |
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Definition
*Topical treatment for burns
*Can decrease digoxin levels
*Can have CYP450 induction
*No MAOI and SSRI
*Potential interaction with vasoactive drugs |
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Term
| What is the active ingredient in St. John's Wart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What herb is used for a minor tranquilizer, anxiolytic and has active constituents that bind to GABA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What interactions with anesthesia can valerian have? |
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Definition
*May prolong anesthesia by potentiation of CNS effects of sedatives and opiates
*Can have dystonic reactions
*Pt can display acute withdrawal syndrome |
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Term
| What herb is used as an aphrodisiac, stimulant, for erectile dysfunction and is an alpha 2 antagonist? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the side effects of Yohimbe? |
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Definition
*Has a very high risk/benefit ratio
*Very cautious with TCA's, MAO, SSRI
*Don't use sympathomimetics
*Avoid tyramine containing foods
*Can cause HTN, Tachycardia |
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Term
| What is used as an immune system stimulant, has antiviral activity, promotes release of TNF by lymphocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What patients is echinacea contraindicated in? |
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Definition
*AIDS patients, MS and TB patients
*Transplant patients because use of echinacea can counteract immunosuppressive drugs. |
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Term
What herb is found naturally in our bodies in the form of amino sugar and is thought to play a role in cartilage formation and repair?
What is it used for? |
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Definition
*Glucosamine Sulfate
*For pain relief from osteoarthritis |
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Term
| Where is glucosamine derived? What patients should it be avoided in? |
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Definition
*Derived from lobster, crab, and shrimp shells
*Caution with diabetic patient as it can increase blood sugar and possibly those with shellfish allergy |
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