Urochordata

Live in salt water; tough outer covering; display chordate features only during larval stages; many adults sessile, some free-swimming.

Examples: sea squirt, sea peach, salp.

 

Urochordata

Cephalochordata

(lancelets) Fishlike; live in salt water;

filter feeders; no internal skeleton. Example: Branchiostoma.

Cephalochordata

[image]

Class: Myxini

(hagfishes) Mostly scavengers; live in salt water;

short tentacles around mouth; rasping tongue;

extremely slimy; open circulatory system

Class: Myxini

Class: 

Cephalaspidomorphi

(lampreys) Larvae filter feeders;

adults are parasites whose circular mouth is lined with rasping toothlike structures; many live in both salt water and fresh water during

the course of their lives.

subphylum: 

Most possess a backbone that

supports and protects the dorsal nerve chord;

endoskeleton; distinct head with a skull and brain.

Class: 

(cartilaginous fishes) Have jaws, fins, and endoskeleton of cartilage;

most live in salt water; typically several gill slits;

tough small scales with spines; ectothermic; 2-chambered heart;

males possess structures for internal fertilization.

Ex. shark, ray, skate, chimaera, sawfish.

Bony endoskeleton; aquatic; ectothermic;

well-developed respiratory system, usually involving gills;

possess swim bladder; paired fins;

divided into two groups—ray-finned fishes,

which include most living species, & lobe-finned fishes,

which include lungfishes & the coelacanth.

Ex: salmon, perch, sturgeon, tuna, goldfish, eel.

Class: 

Adapted primarily to life in wet places; ectothermic;

most carnivorous; smooth, moist skin;

typically lay eggs that develop in water;

usually have gilled larvae; most have 3 chambered heart;

adults either aquatic or terrestrial (lung & skin breathers)

Order: 

(salamanders & newts) Possess tail as adults;

carnivorous; usually have four legs;

usually aquatic as larvae and terrestrial as adults

Order: 

[image]

Order: 

(frogs and toads) Adults in almost all species lack tail;

aquatic larvae called tadpoles;

well-developed hind legs adapted for jumping.

Order: 

Order: 

Order: 

(legless amphibians) Wormlike; lack legs;

carnivorous; terrestrial burrowers;

some undergo direct development;

some viviparous (live-birth). Example: caecilians.

Order: 

Class: 

Adapted to fully terrestrial life, some aquatic;

dry, scale-covered skin; ectothermic; most 3 chambered hearts;

internal fertilization; amniotic eggs laid on land;

extinct forms include dinosaurs and some flying

members that are now extinct.

order: 

(tuataras) Lack internal ears; primitive scales;

found only in New Zealand; carnivorous.

One species: S. punctatus.

order: 

(lizards & snakes) Most carnivorous; majority terrestrial;

lizards typically have legs; snakes lack legs.

Ex: iguana, gecko, skink, cobra, python, boa

order: 

order: 

order: 

order: 

order: 

(crocodilians) Carnivorous; aquatic or semiaquatic;

 4 chambered heart.

Ex: alligator, caiman, gavial.

order: 

order: 

order: 

(turtles and tortoises) Bony shell;

ribs & vertebrae fused to upper part of shell;

terrestrial, semiaquatic or aquatic; all lay eggs on land.

Ex: snapping turtle, tortoise, hawksbill turtle, box turtle.

order: 

order: 

order: 

class: 

(birds) Endothermic; feathered; scales on legs and feet;

bones hollow & lightweight in flying species;

4 chambered heart; well-developed lungs & air sacs for efficient air exchange. Ex: owl, eagle, duck, chicken, pigeon, penguin, sparrow, stork.

class: 

class: 

class: 

class: 

Endothermic; subcutaneous fat; hair; most viviparous;

suckle young with milk produced in glands;

4 chambered heart; most four legs; lungs for respiration.

order: 

Exhibit features of both mammals & reptiles;

possess a cloaca; lay eggs that hatch externally;

produce milk from primitive nipplelike structures.

Examples: duckbill platypus, short-beaked echidna.

order: 

order: 

order: 

Young develop in the female's uterus

but emerge at very early state of development;

development completed in mother's pouch.

Examples: opossum, kangaroo, koala.

order: 

order: 

order: 

Long, narrow snouts and sharp claws for digging.

Examples: shrew, mole, hedgehog.

order: 

order: 

order: 

[image]

order: 

Highly developed brain & complex social behavior;

excellent binocular vision; quadrupedal or bipedal;

five digits on hands and feet.

Examples: lemur, monkey, chimpanzee, human.

Order: 

Teeth reduced or absent; feed primarily on social insects,

such as termites and ants.

Ex: anteater, armadillo.

Order: 

Order: 

Order: 

Small herbivores with chisel-shaped front teeth;

generally adapted to running and jumping.

Examples: rabbit, pika, hare.

Order: 

Mostly herbivorous; some omnivorous;

sharp front teeth.

Ex: rat, beaver, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, squirrel.

Order: 

Cetacea

Fully adapted to aquatic existence;

feed, breed, and give birth in water;

forelimbs specialized as flippers;

hindlimbs absent; many capable of long, deep dives;

some use echolocation to navigate;

communicate using complex auditory signals.

Examples: whale, porpoise, dolphin. 

Order:

Cetacea

Order:

Cetacea

Order:

carnivora

Mostly carnivorous; live in salt water or on land;

aquatic species must return to land to breed.

Ex: seal, bear, raccoon, weasel, skunk

Order:

carnivora

Order:

carnivora

Order:

proboscidea

Herbivorous; have trunks; largest land animal.

Ex: Asian elephant, African elephant

Order:

proboscidea

Order:

Sirenia

Aquatic herbivores; slow-moving;

front limbs modified as flippers;

hindlimbs absent; little body hair.

Ex: manatee, sea cow.

Order:

Sirenia

Order:

Perissodactyla

(odd-toed ungulates) Hoofed herbivores;

odd number of digits on each foot;

teeth, jaw, & digestive system adapted to plant material.

Ex: horse, donkey, rhinoceros, tapir

Order:

Perissodactyla

Order:

Perissodactyla

Order:

artiodactyla

Herbivores; hoofs derived from two digits on each foot;

digestive system adapted to thoroughly process tough plant material.

Ex: sheep, cow, hippopotamus, antelope, camel, giraffe, pig.

Order:

artiodactyla

Order:

artiodactyla

arthropoda:

subphylum uniramia:

class insecta

3 part body—head, thorax, and abdomen;

three pairs of legs and usually 1 or 2 pairs of wings attached to thorax; some undergo

complete metamorphosis.

Ex. termite, ant, beetle, dragonfly,

fly, moth, grasshopper.

arthropoda:

subphylum uniramia:

class insecta

Phylum

echinodermata:

Live in salt water; larvae have

bilateral symmetry;

adults typically radial symmetry;

endoskeleton; tube feet; water vascular system

used in respiration, excretion, feeding, & locomotion; deuterostomes.

Order: