Term
| extracellular signal molecule |
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Definition
| signal released from one cell in the body to communicate with another tissue which has complementary receptors |
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Definition
| protein with a binding site for a signal molecule |
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Definition
| effect of signal molecule on the receptor molecule when they bind together |
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| effect of a signal on a particular tissue, may be different in different tissues |
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Term
| Hydrophobic signal molecule |
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Definition
| category of signal molecules that can diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer of membranes |
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| signals that directly influence transcription of genes |
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| steroid hormones: testosterone and oestrogen |
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Definition
| example of hydrophobic signal molecule |
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| the receptors for hydrophobic signalling molecules |
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Definition
| location of hydrophobic signalling molecules |
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Definition
| proteins that when bound to DNA can either stimulate or inhibit initiation of transcription |
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| enzyme that is enhanced or blocked by transcription factors |
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| formed when a hydrophobic signal molecule binds with its receptor |
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Term
| hormone response elements (HREs) |
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Definition
| specific sites on DNA where hormone receptor complex binds in hydrophobic signalling |
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Term
| Hydrophilic signalling molecules |
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Definition
| signalling molecules that are not capable of passing across the hydrophobic plasma membrane and entering the cytosol. |
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Term
| Peptide hormones and neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| examples of hydrophilic extracellular signalling molecules |
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Term
| Reception, Transduction, Response |
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Definition
| three stages of hydrophilic signalling |
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Term
| receptor for hydrophilic signal molecule |
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Definition
| transmembrane protein with a signal binding site on extracellular face |
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Definition
| stage of hydrophilic signalling where signal molecule binds to and changes the conformation of the receptor |
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Definition
| stage of hydrophilic signalling where extracellular ligand-binding event is converted to a specific intracellular response |
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Definition
| stage of hydrophilic signalling that often involves G proteins or phosphorylation cascades to passing signal on |
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| protein that can become activated by hydrophilic signal molecule binding to receptor |
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| enzymes that carry out phosphorylation |
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Definition
| can result in the phosphorylation of many proteins as a result of the original signalling event |
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Definition
| allow more than one intracellular signalling pathway to be activated. |
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