Term
|
Definition
Can be Acute or Chronic
-inflammation of the renal pelvis and parenchyma
-caused by infection of lower urinary tract that ascends to the kidneys
--can lead to sepsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Scarring of tubules leads to recurrent infections that cause one or both kidneys to shrink and lose function
--can lead to end stage renal disease |
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|
Term
| Symptoms of Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
--rapid onset
Malaise
Fever-often >101
Chills
N/V
Flank pain/CVA tenderness
symptoms of UTI
bacteria, blood, WBC in urine |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Chronic Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| Urinary frequency, dysuria, nocturia, intermittent fever, back and flank barriers |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Tests for Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
UA and C&S
Blood Cultures
Ultrasound Kidneys |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
Mild symptoms: oral antibiotics for 10-14 days
Severe symptoms (complicated by dehydration, fever, N/V): inpatient with IVPB antibiotics for several days and the orals for 2-3 weeks
-based on C&S |
|
|
Term
| Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) |
|
Definition
Genetic kidney disorder
-Adult and Child onset |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autosomal Recessive
-present at birth
-may be diagnosed prenatally or in infancy
-rare
-progresses rapidly, often requires transplant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autosomal Dominant
-common
-symptoms arise by age 40-50
-occurs in both men and women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluid filled cysts form- affect kidney function and eventually other body parts
-cysts enlarge and so do kidneys (cause compression/damage to vessels and nephrons) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased risk of Diverticular disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, heart valve abnormality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abd/flank pain
hematuria
proteinuria
polyurea/nocturia
Bilateral kidney enlargement (palpable)
HTN
UTI & Renal calculi
-progresses to ESRD |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis/Prognosis of PKD |
|
Definition
Family Hx
Ultrasound
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
CT Scan
-50% will progress to ESRD by age 60 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prevent damage from meds, uti, obstruction, HTN
Early: encourage fluids, later restriction
Renal diet: low sodium, low potassium, restricted protein
Can drain cysts
Dialysis/transplant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Urinary Calculi |
|
Definition
Pain (abdominal and flank)
Renal Colic-acute, severe flank pain that radiates
hematuria
Dysuria
N/V
Fever, chills (if UTI is present)
Mild shock |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Urinary Calculi |
|
Definition
UA/C&S/pH
Stone Analysis
24hr.Urine
Serum Ca+
KUB
Ultrasound
CT scan
IVP
Cystoscopy
BUN/Creat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the Liver
-most commonly caused by a virus
-can be acute or chronic |
|
|
Term
| Incubation period of Hepatitis |
|
Definition
| No signs, virus replicates |
|
|
Term
| Prodromal/Preicteric Phase of Hepatitis |
|
Definition
(1-21 days pre-jaundice)
-malaise, fatigue
-anorexia and weight loss
-GI symptoms: N/V, diarrhea or constipation
Muscle/body aches, flu-like symptoms
Mild RUQ pain |
|
|
Term
| Icteric Phase of Hepatitis |
|
Definition
Begins 5-10 days after onset of symptoms
-Jaundice
-Pruritis: itching
-light brown/clay colored stool
-brown urine |
|
|
Term
| Convalescent Phase of Hepatitis |
|
Definition
lasts several weeks post-jaundice (resolution)
-energy increases
-pain subsides, GI s/s minimal |
|
|
Term
| Hepatitis A Route/Source/Infectivity |
|
Definition
Fecal/Oral
poor hygiene/sanitation
Infectivity: up to 2 weeks before and 1 week after
No carrier-typically benign/self limiting |
|
|
Term
| Hepatitis B Route/Source/Infectivity |
|
Definition
Blood/body fluids
-needles, sex, tattoos, piercings, etc.
Infectivity: before/after ~4-6 months, carrier for life
--increased risk of developing liver CANCER! |
|
|
Term
| Hepatitis C Route/Source/Infectivity |
|
Definition
Blood/Body fluids
needles, blood transfusions
Infectivity: 1-2 weeks before/after, carrier for life
--Primary cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer |
|
|
Term
| Hepatitis E Route/Source/Infectivity |
|
Definition
Recal/Oral
-contaminated drinking water
Infectivity: unknown, similar to to HAV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rapid onset
-rare clinical syndrome resulting from severe impairment or necrosis of liver cells and liver failure
--Caused by HBV with HDV
rapidly progresses to liver failure- within 2-3 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Immune response against the liver
-causes chronic inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, scarring
-often with other autoimmune disorder
--can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure |
|
|
Term
| Vaccine Options for Hepatitis |
|
Definition
Hep A: 2 doses recommended
Hep A and B: TWINRX 3 injection series
Hep B: 3 Injection series-most effective |
|
|
Term
| Postexposure TX for Hepatitis |
|
Definition
Immunoglobin for HAV
HBIG for HBV
Interferon Alpha
Ribavirin |
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