Term
| What is the most common site of an Aneurysm? |
|
Definition
| abdominal and thoracic aorta |
|
|
Term
| Where is an aortic dissection most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 P's of acute arterial occlusion |
|
Definition
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Poikilothermia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gradual thickening of the intima and media of arteries leading to progressive narrowing of the vessel lumen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| widening of inner lumen of vessel by inflated baloon catheter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rigid or flexible scaffold for vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of whirling blade to shave atherosclerotic plaque |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical detour of blood supply through an artifical graft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of obstructing plaque |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of plaque with patch to widen lumen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases RBC flexibility and reduces blood viscosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inhibits effects of prostaglandin 12
-inhibits platelet aggregation and increases vasodilation
-Increases maximal walking distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-improves blood flow healing ulcers and decrease pain
-treatment of buerger's disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Venous stasis
endothelial damage
hypercoagulability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dysfunction of valves
-muscles in extremities inactive
-Obese, atrial fib, comes from long trips and being immobile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-trauma or external pressure (venipuncture)
-no IV's |
|
|
Term
| Hypercoagulability of blood |
|
Definition
polycythemia, malignancies, pregnancy
caused by birth control, HRT |
|
|
Term
| What 2 factors is collateral circulation attributed to? |
|
Definition
1. inherited predisposition to develop new vessels (angiogenesis)
2. Presence of chronic ischemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-amino acids in the blood
-affected by folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12
-high levels cause damage to inner lining of arterioles and promote blood clots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits ADP induced platelet aggregation acting by direct inhibition of ADP binding to its receptor and glycoprotein complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
P-precipitating factors
Q-quality
R-radiation
S-severity
T- timing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-asymptomatic angina
-80% experience it
-confirmed with EKG changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs only at night but not necessarily during sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-chest pain that occurs only while lying down
-relieved by standing or sitting |
|
|
Term
| Varient(Prinzmetal) angina |
|
Definition
-occurs at rest usually in response to spasm of major coronary artery
-treated with CCB
-Seen in pts with hx of migrains and raynauds |
|
|
Term
| What does the stimulation of SNS in an MI result in? |
|
Definition
1. Release of glycogen
2. Diaphoresis
3. Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels
4. Ashen clammy cool to touch skin |
|
|
Term
| What happens to CV system with MI |
|
Definition
-Initially increaed HR and Bp and late Bp decrease
-Crackles b/c of LV dysfunction
-JVD
-Abnormal heart sounds (S3 or S4, new murmur) |
|
|
Term
| A fever during an MI is caused by? |
|
Definition
| systemic manifestations of the inflammatory process caused by cell death |
|
|
Term
| Nausea and vomiting during an MI is caused by? |
|
Definition
| reflex stimulation of the vomiting center by the severe pain |
|
|
Term
| Neutrophils role in MI healing |
|
Definition
| remove all necrotic tissue by the 2nd or 3rd day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-an attempt to compensate
-the normal myocardium with hypertrophy and dilate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-most common complication of MI (80%)
-Most common cause of death in prehospital period
-seen most often with anterior MI, heart failurem or shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complication that occurs when the pumping power of the heart has diminished |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when inadequate O2 and nutrients are supplied to the tissues because of severe LV failure
-requires aggressive management |
|
|
Term
| Papillary muscle dysfunction |
|
Definition
-causes mitral valve regurgitation
-condition aggravates already compromised LV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results when the infarcted myocardial wall becomes thinned and bulges out during contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inflammation of visceral/parietal pericardium
-May result in cardiac compression, decrease LV filling and emptying, heart failure
-pericardial friction rub may be heard on auscultation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Characterized by pericarditis with effusions and fever that develops 4-6 wks after MI
-Pericadial pain/ friction rub
-Arthralgia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the possible complications to cardiopulmonary by pass? |
|
Definition
1. bleeding and anemia from damage to RBC's and platelets
2. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
3. Hypothermia as blood is cooled as it passes through bypass machine |
|
|
Term
| What is heart failure characterized by? |
|
Definition
1. Ventricular dysfunction
2. Reduced exercise tolerance
3. Diminished quality of life
4. Shortened life expectancy |
|
|
Term
| Proinflammatory cytokines |
|
Definition
released by cardia myocytes in response to cardiac injury
-depresses cardiac function by causing cardiac hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction and myocyte cell death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-results from activation of SNS and neurohormonal response
-hypertrophy of cardia myocytes
-results in increased ventricular muscle mass and changes in ventricular shape and dimension
-impaired contractility |
|
|
Term
| What does morphine do for someone with CHF? |
|
Definition
-Dilates systemic blood vessels resulting in reduction of afterload and myocardial workload
-Dilates pulmonary blood vessels decreasing the pressure, improving gas exchange, and reducing dyspnea
-Reduces anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. arterial and venous dilation
2. Increases in Co
3. Enhanced renal perfusion
4. Inhibition of RAAS
5. Promotion of diuresis and natriuresis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta adrenergic agonists
phosphodiesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Treat cause
2. Maximize Co
3. Alleviate symptoms
4. Increase ventricular fxn
5. Perserve target organ fxn
6. Improve mortality and morbidity |
|
|
