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adrenergic and adrenergic blockers
Chapter 17
26
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 4
09/21/2009

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Term
Where are the adrenergic receptors located in the body?
Definition
They are located in the cells of muscles, such as the heart, bronchiole walls, gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder and ciliary muscle of the eye.
Term
What are the four main receptors for adrenergic drugs?
Definition
The alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta2
Term
Where are the alpha adrenergic receptors located?
Definition
They are located in the vascular tissues of muscles.
Term
What happens when alpha 1 receptors are stimulated?
Definition
The arterioles and venules constrict, increasing peripheral resistance and blood return to the heart.
Term
Where is the alpha 2 receptor located?
Definition
In the postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings. 
Term
What is inhibited when the alpha 2 receptor is stimulated?
Definition
norepinephrine
Term
What does the realease of norepinephrine lead to a decrease in?
Definition
vasoconstriction
Term
Where are the beta 1 receptors located?
Definition
Primarily in the heart
Term
What does stimulation of the beta 2 receptor cause?
Definition
relaxation of the smooth muscles of the lungs, resulting in bronchodilation.  an increase in blood flow to the skeletal muscles.  relaxation of the uterine muscle, resulting in a decrease in uterin contraction.
Term
What does the dopaminergic receptor do when stimulated?
Definition
The vessels dilate and blood flow increases. 
Term
What stimulates the dopaminergic receptor?
Definition
dopamine
Term
What are the three  categories of sympathomimetic drugs that stimulate adrenergic receptors?
Definition
direct acting sympathomimetics, indirect acting smpathomimetics and mixed acting sympathomimetics. 
Term
What are examples of direct acting sympathomimetics.
Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Term
What are examples of indirect acting sympathomimetics?
Definition
amphetamine
Term
What are catecholamines?
Definition
they are either endogenous or synthetic that can produce a sympathomimetic response.
Term
Albuterol sulfate is selective for which receptor site?
Definition
beta 2
Term
What does albuterol do?
Definition
a pure bronchodilation response
Term
what receptor does clonidine and methyldopa act on?
Definition
Alpha 2
Term
what do clonidine and methyldopa mostly treat?
Definition
hypertension
Term
what do alpha 2 drugs regulate th release of?
Definition
norepinephrine
Term
What are the three sympatholytic receptors?
Definition
alpha 1, beta 1&2
Term
what do selective alpha blockers block?
Definition
the alpha 1 receptor site
Term
what do nonselective alpha blockers block?
Definition
alpha 1&2
Term
WHAT DO BETA BLOCKERS DO
Definition
they decrease heart rate and decrease blood pressure
Term
what does bradycardia mean?
Definition
a slow pulse rate of 60 beats per minute or less.
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