Term
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Definition
| Pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through lifespan |
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Term
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Definition
-Nature V Nurture
-Continuity V Discontinuity
-Early V Late |
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Term
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Definition
| Thinking about thinking: increased introspective thinking, self-conscious thinking, and intellectualization |
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Definition
| Tendency to think about, see and understand the world from one's own perspective; an ability to see objects or situations from other's persepectives |
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Definition
| Belief that everyone is watching and evaluating one's behavior. Brought on by self-consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that one is unique and therefore not subject to the rules that govern other people's behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Feedback loop that regulates the sex hormones. The structures involved are the hypothalamus, pituitary glands, and gonads |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual comes to be recognized as an adult |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of individuals born during a particular period |
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Term
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Definition
Authoritative: warm, but firm and fair
Authoritarian: place high value on obedience and conformity
Indulgent: behave in an accepting, benign, and somewhat passive way
Indifferent: minimize the time and energy they devote to interacting with their child |
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Term
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Definition
| Biological changes of adolescents that involve changes in a young person's physical appearance and the ability to conceive a child |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Index offense: crime where age is irrelevant: arson, theft
Status Offense: behavior that is only problematic because of the young person's status as a juvenile |
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Term
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Definition
Sensorimotor: birth-2
Preoperational: 2-6 year
Concrete operational: 6-11 years
Formal operations: 11+ years |
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Term
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Definition
Identity Achievement: healthiest in achievement and moral reasoning
Moratorium: least rigid with authoritarian; high anxiety; authority issues
Foreclosure Group: close to parents; prejudiced; most authoritarian
Identity Diffusion: low intimacy; withdrawn, most problems |
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Term
| Experience Sampling Method |
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Definition
| Method of collecting data about adolescents' emotional states, in which individuals are paged and asked to report their mood and activity |
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Term
| Gifted/ Learning disabled |
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Definition
Gifted: unusually talented in some form of academic performance
Learning Disabled: difficulty with academic tasks that cannot be traced to an emotional problem or sensory disfunction |
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Term
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Definition
Mainstreaming: integration of adolescents who have educational handicaps into regular classrooms
Tracking: grouping of students according to ability into different classes within the same school grade |
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Term
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Definition
Cliques: small, tightly knit groups of between 2-12 friends generally of the same sex and age
Crowds: Large, loosely organized groups of young people, composed of several cliques, and typically organized around a common shared activity |
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Term
| Identity V Identity Diffusion |
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Definition
| According to Erikson, the normative crisis characteristic of the fifth stage of psychosocial development during adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
| Having more income than one can manage maturely, especially during adolescence |
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Term
| Masculinity/femininity/ androgyny |
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Definition
Masculinity: traits such as logic, independence, ambition and aggressiveness
Femininity: traits such as gentleness, sociability, empathy and tenderness
Androgyny: combination of both highly masculine and highly feminine traits |
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Term
| Popular/average/rejected/neglected/controversial |
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Definition
Popular: rarely disliked or a best friend; nominated best friend
Average: average negative and positive combination from peers
Neglected: infrequently nominated as best friend but not disliked
Rejected: infrequently nominated as best friend, actively disliked
Controversial: nominated as a best friend but also disliked |
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Term
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Definition
| Collection of traits and attributes that individuals use to describe or characterize themselves |
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Term
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Definition
Theory that there are 5 basic dimensions to personality
-openness to experience
-conscientiousness
-extraversion
-agreeable
-neurotocism |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual's capacity to behave on his or her own |
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Term
| Autonomy (emotional, behavioral, cognitive) |
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Definition
psychosocial domain concerning the development and expression of identity
-emotional: more adult-like and less childish relationships with family and peers
-Behavioral: capacity to make independent decisions and follow through with them
Cognitive: establishment of an independent set of values, opinions and beliefs |
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Term
| Kohlberg's Levels of Moral Reasoning |
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Definition
-Pre-conventional: tend to consider the consequences of behaviorism decidedly whether it is the right choice
-Conventional: refers to societal rules and standards in making moral judgement
-Post-conventional: see rules as subjective and reason about morality using general principles of right and wrong |
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Term
| Sullivan's Theory of Interpersonal Development |
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Definition
| Satisfaction of interpersonal needs lead to feelings of security, whole frustration leads to anxiety |
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Term
| Attachment (secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-resistant) |
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Definition
Secure use mother as a base from which to explore
Anxious-Avoidant: insecure attachment; indifference on part of the infant towards care giver
Anxious-resistant: insecure; distress upon separation and anger upon reunion |
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Term
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Definition
| psychosocial domain concerning the formation, maintenance and termination of a close relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| The psychsocial domain concerning the development and expression of sexual feelings |
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Term
| Restrictive, semi-restrictive and permissive societies |
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Definition
Restrictive: pressured to refrain from sexual activity until marriage or a formal right of passage into adulthood
Semi-restrictive: pressured against adolescents sexual activity exist but are not vigilantly enforced
Permissive: sexual activity during childhood and adolescence is not restrained |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual's orientation toward same or opposite sex partners |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior that is consistent with prevailing expectations for how individuals of a given sex are to behave |
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Term
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Definition
| The gender an individual identifies with |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychosocial domain concerning behaviors and feelings in evaluative situations |
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Term
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Definition
| A need that influences the extent to which an individual strives for success in evaluative situations |
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Term
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Definition
| Fear of the consequences of failing in achievement situations |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals whose actual school performance is lower than what it would be expected on the basis of objective measures of their aptitude or intelligence |
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Term
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Definition
| deliberately behaving in ways that will likely interfere with doing well, in order to have an excuse for failing |
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Term
| Intrinsic/extrinsic motivation |
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Definition
Intrinsic: motivation based on the pleasure one will experience from mastering a class
Extrinsic-based on the rewards one will receive for a successful performance |
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Term
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Definition
| harmful effect that exposure about ethnic or sex differences inability has on student performance |
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Term
| internalizing/externalizing Disorders |
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Definition
Internalizing: psychosocial problems that are manifested in a turning of the symptoms inward, depression
Externalizing: psychosocial problems that are manifested in a turning of the symptoms outward, agression or delinquency |
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Term
| Problem behavior syndrome |
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Definition
| The convention among various typesof externalizing disorders believed to result from an underlying trait of unconventionality |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory of delinquency that links deviance with the absence of bonds to society's main instructions |
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Term
| Categories of Externalizing Disorders |
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Definition
-Conduct disorder
-Agression
-Juvenile Offending |
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Term
| Life-course Persistent offenders/ adolescent-limited offenders |
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Definition
Life-course: began demonstrating anti-social or aggressive behavior during childhood and continue that behavior throughout adolescence and adulthood
Adolescent-limited: delinquent behavior begins and ends in adolescence |
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Term
| The Diathesis Stress Model |
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Definition
Theory that explains behavior as a result of biological, genetic and life experiences
A perspective on disorder that problems are the result of an interaction between a preexisting condition and exposure to a stressful event or condition |
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