Shared Flashcard Set

Details

adaptive immunity
specific immunity
68
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
04/13/2010

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The immune response
Definition

innate- defence against any pathogen

immunity- specific antibody and lymphocyte response to an antigen

antigen (ag)- a substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies in sensitized t cells

Antibody (ab)- protiens made in response to an antigen

Term
innate
Definition
Defence against any pathogen
Term
Immunity
Definition
specific antibody and lymphocytic reesponse to an antigen
Term
Antigen (ag)
Definition
a substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells
Term
Antibody (ab)
Definition
protiens made in response to an antigen
Term
Serology
Definition
the study of the reaction between antibodies and an antigen
Term
Antiserum
Definition
Genetic term for serum because it contains antibodies
Term
Globulins
Definition
Serum protiens
Term
Gamma (y) globulins
Definition
Serum factor containing antibodies
Term
immunoglobulin
Definition
antibody
Term
Aqquired immunity
Definition

developed during a lifetime

humoral- involves antibodies produced by b cells

Cell mediated immunity- involves t cells

Term
Humoral immunity
Definition

involves antibodies produced by B cells

Humoral immune response-the antibody immune response used by Bcells to fight exogenous antigens

Term
cell mediated immunity
Definition

involves T cells

cell mediated immune response- immune responce used byy t cells to ight intracellular pathogens and abnormal body cells

Term

Natuarlly aquired immunity

active process

Definition
antigen enters the body naturally; body produces antibodies and speciallized lympocytes
Term

naturally aquired immunity

passive process

Definition
antibodies pass from mother to offspring via the placenta or the mothers breast milk.
Term

artificially aquired immunity

active

Definition
vaccines, antigens are introduced via vaccines and the body produces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes in response.
Term

artificially aquired immunity

passive

Definition
performed antibodies in immune serum are introduced into the body by injection.
Term
Humoral immunity
Definition

B cells

form and mature in bone marrow

antibody- immune protien- immunoglobulin

soluble- circulate in blood and lymph

fight- extracellular bacteria, viruses, toxins, transplants,

Term
cell mediated immunity
Definition

T cells

form in bone marrow and mature in thymus gland.

cytotoxic "killer" t cells directally attack cells and release perforin

fights- intracellular bacteria, paracites, tumors, and transplants

Term
perforin
Definition
protien molecule in the cytoplasm of cytotoxic t cells that forms channels in the infected cell
Term
Antigenic determinent
Definition
the sight on the surface of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attatches itself to. also know as an epitope
Term
epitope
Definition
the sight on the surface of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attatches itself. also known as an antigenic determinent
Term
Oppasisation
Definition
involves the binding o an opsonin. i.e. antibody to the pathogens cell membrane that attracts phagocytes
Term
agglutination
Definition
latin for "to glue to" the clumping together in suspension of antigen bearing cells, microorganisms, or particles in the presance of specific antibodies.
Term
neutralization
Definition
neutralizizin a toxin or bacterium/ making them ennefective.
Term
complement activation
Definition
the sequential activation of serum components c-1 through c-9 by and electrolyete-antibody complex that cause osmotic lysis of target as well as inflamation and opsinisation
Term
antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Definition
effector cell of the adaptive immune system actively lysis target that has been bound by specific antibodies
Term
IgG antibody
Definition

monomer

80%of serum antibodies

fix complement

blood, lymph, and intestine

cross placenta

enhance phagocytosis; nuetralize toxins and viruses; protect fetus and newborn

Half life of 23 days.

Term
Exogenous antigen
Definition
originates from microbes located outside the body's cell.  include toxins and other secretions and components of microbial cell walls, membranes, flagella, and pili
Term
Endogenous antigen
Definition

produced by intracellular microbes and are typically incorperated into the host cells membrane

The immune system cannot assess the health of cells that have been invaded intracellularly.  it responds if the body's cells incorperate such antigens into they cytoplasmic membrane

Term
autoantigen
Definition
a component of a normal body cell that might mistakenly trigger an immune responce.
Term
antigen
Definition
a molecule that triggers a specific immune response
Term
Haptens
Definition
small molecules that are to small to cause an immune responce unless they bond to larger bodies (such as RBC or platelets) become antigenic and stimulate the production of antibodies
Term
Major histocompatable antigens
Definition
histo is greek for tissue and compatibilis is latin for aggreable.  important for tissue grafting
Term
Major Histocompatible complex
Definition
a cluster of genes, located on each copy of chromosone 6 in humans that codes for membrane bound glycoprotiens called major histocompatible antigens.
Term
MHC1
Definition
functions to hold and position epitopes for presentation to t cells. MHC1 is found on all cells except RBCs
Term
MHC2
Definition
functions to hold and postition epsitopes for presentation to Tcells.  found on B cells and antigen presenting cells
Term
Antigen presenting cell (APC)
Definition

cells that regurally present antigens

B-cells

Macrophages

Dendridic cells

Microglia (brain)

Kopffer (liver)

Term
Dendritic cell
Definition
cell that is found in the epidermis and mucous membrane that devours pathogens and presents antigens.  MHC2
Term
CD cluster of differentiation
Definition
identification and diferiation system used to classify WBCs by their surface molecules
Term
CD4
Definition
found on helper T cells
Term
CD8
Definition
found on cytotoxic Tcells
Term
helper T cells
Definition
function to assist in regulation the actions of B cells and cytotoxic T cells during immune response by providing necessary signals and growth factors
Term
Cytotoxic T cells
Definition
diretally kill other cells, those infected with viruses and or other intracellular pathogens, as well as, abnormal cancer cells
Term
Nonspecific immune cells
Definition

APCs

NK cells

WBCs

Term
Natural Killer Cells (NK)
Definition
type of defensive leukocyte of the inate immune system that secretes toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells and neoplasms
Term
Lympocytes include
Definition
B cells and T cells
Term
B cells produce. . .
Definition
antibodies
Term
Types of T cells
Definition

T helper cell (Th)

T helper 1 (Th1)

T helper 2 (Th2)

Cytotoxic T cell (Tc)

Delayed sensitivity cells (Td)

T suppresor cells (Ts)

Term
T helper 1 (Th1)
Definition
Interluken 2 and interferon gama, stimulates Tc cells
Term
T helper 2
Definition
makes interluken 4, stimulates B cells
Term

suppresor T cell

now known as regulatory T cells (Tr cells)

Definition
repress adaptive immune responces and prevent auto immune disease.  they exspress CD4 and CD25
Term
IGM antibody
Definition

Pentamoner

5-10% of serum antibodies

fix complement

In blood, lymph, on B cells

aggluinates microbes, first Ab produced in responce to infection

HL of five days

Term
IGA antibody
Definition

10 to 15% of serum antibodies

in secretions/ tears and breast milk

mucosal protection

hl of 6 days

Term
IGD antibody
Definition

monomer

0.2% of serum antibodies

in blood, lymph, and on B cells

on B cells initiates immune responce

half life of 3 days

Term
IGE antibody
Definition

monomer

0.002% of serum protiens

on mast cells and basophils and in blood

allergic reactions and lysis of parasitic worms

hl of 2 days

Term

Cytotoxic T cells- CD8

 

Definition

`1. primarly attac cells infected by viruses or other intracellular microbes, cancer cells, and transplant cells

2. activation results in apoptosis of target cell

a. depriving antigen of host and exsposing it to antibodies

3. mechinisms (not really understood)

a secretes perforing and granzymes

perforin punces holes in the cells wall alowing granzymes to enter the cell and degrade intralcellular components

Term
Cell mediated immunity steps
Definition

1. antigen invades inate defense

2. APC takes up antigen and breaks it down

3. MHC and antigen fuze and are transported to the cellular membrane.

4. T cells come along, recognize the antigen as foriegn, T cells become active

5. active T cells divide and diferentiate.

Term
Titer
Definition

the highest dilution of blood serum giving a positive reaction during titration.

Titration- serial dilution of blood serum to test for agglutination activity

Term
Seroconversion
Definition
is the deveopment of detectabel specific antibodies to microogranisms in blood serum as the result of infection or immunization
Term

Interlukin 1

 

Definition
Stimulates helper t cells
Term
Interluken 2
Definition
activates helper t cells
Term
Interlukin 12
Definition
causes the diferentiation of CD4 cells
Term
Gamma intereron
Definition
causes an increase in the number of macrophages
Term
chemokines
Definition
causes macrophages to move to an infection
Term
colony stimulating factors
Definition
stimulates red blood cells and white blood cells and the formation of stem cells.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!