Term
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Definition
| localized physiological response to tissue injury. manifestation of disease . Acute or chronic . terminates when offending agent is removed |
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Term
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Definition
1. Beneficial . protective response ,begins repair process.
2. harmful.injures normal tissues and causes disease eg rheumatoid arthritis,hypersensitivity +chronic inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
initial +transient . rapid onset +short duration
leads to chronic if elimmination of offending cause fails .
NEUTROPHILS |
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Term
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Definition
prolonged tissue reactions following intial response .
characterized by lymphocytes+marcrophages |
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Term
| Causes of Acute Inflammation (6) |
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Definition
| Infections ,trauma,physical+chemical agents,tissue necrosis,foreign bodies,immune reactions,chemicals(acids alkalis bacterial toxins) |
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Term
| Marcroscopic Appearance of acute inflammation |
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Definition
| Redness(dialation),heat(hyperemia),swelling(oedema,inflammatory cells,formation of new CT,Exudate),pain(stretching and distortion),loss of function (function) laesa) |
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Term
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Definition
| extravascular fluid that has a high protein concentration+cellular debris+high specific gravity ) |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid with low protein content (albumin) little or no cellular material and low specific gravity |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory exudate rich in leukocytes ,dead cells and microbes |
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Term
| Early stages of acute inflammation |
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Definition
| Characterized by oedema fluid+accumilation of neutrophils in the extracellular spaces of damaged tissue |
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Term
| Acute inflammatory response involves two factors |
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Definition
1.Vascular changes(vascular flow+caliber,increased vaso permeability-vasodilation,increased permeability,stasis,leukocyte migration)
2. Cellular events (leukocytes) |
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Term
| VAscular changes . Vasodilation |
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Definition
| induced by histamine & nitric oxide on vascular smooth muscle |
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Term
| Hallmark of acute inflammation |
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Definition
| increased vascular permeability leading to the escape of a exudate into the vascular tissue. |
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Term
| Critical function of inflammation |
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Definition
| the delivery of leukocytes to the site of injury to active them to perform their normal response . |
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Term
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Definition
| ingest offending agents ,kill bacteria and other microbes,get rid of necrotic tissue and foreign substances |
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Term
| Recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection and injury |
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Definition
1.in the lumen, margination,rolling, +adhesion to endothelium
2. diapedesis
3.migration in interstitial tissues toward a chemotactic stimulus |
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Term
| Late Stages of acute inflammation |
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Definition
1.Chemotaxis (locomotion oriented along a chemical gradient ) exogenous+endogenous substances(bacterial sunstances,cytokines,C5a,leukotriene B4)
2. Phagocytosis
(recognition +attachemnet,engulfment in a vacuole,killing or degradation ) |
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Term
| Special Macroscopic appearances of acute inflammation |
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Definition
| serous inflammation(peritonitis,acute synovitis),fibrinous inflammation(fibrogen present in inflammatory exudate-acute pericarditis),supperative inflammation(formation of abcess/empyema) ,ulcer |
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Term
| Sequelae of acute of inflammation |
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Definition
| resolution(tissue regenerative capacity,good vascular drainage which allows removal of fluid +debris) ,suppuration(formation of pus),repair and organization, fibrosis, chronic inflammation |
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