Term
| What are the characteristics of good body alignment? |
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Definition
•The head is held erect.
•The face is in the forward position, in the same direction as the feet.
•The chest is held upward and forward.
•The spinal column is upright, and the curves of the spine are within normal limits.
•The abdominal muscles are held upward and the buttocks downward.
•The knees are extended—not bent or hyperextended in the knee-locked position.
•The feet are at right angles to the lower legs.
•The line of gravity goes through the center of the knees and in front of the ankle joints.
•The base of support is on the soles of the feet, and weight is distributed through the soles and heels. |
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Term
| What are some key ideas for ensuring good body mechanics? |
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Definition
1)adequate help on hand
2)mechanical aids available (Hoyer lifts, etc.)
3)alignment, avoid twisting to get objects or assist patient
4)wide base of support (feet shoulder width apart
5)close to object when lifting |
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Term
| What are some of the consequences of poor body mechanics? |
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Definition
1)Injury
2)Chronic Pain
3)Off Work
4)Permanent Disability
5)Unable to Continue in Nursing Profession |
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Term
| What is the purpose of ensuring that a patient retains as much of their normal range of motion as possible? |
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Definition
1)The patient remains as mobile as possible
2)It improves circulation
3)Promotes healing
4)Stimulates the patients awareness of their body |
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Term
| What factors are important when assessing a patients range of motion? |
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Definition
•Size, shape, color, and symmetry of joints. Note any masses, deformities, or muscle atrophy.
•Range of motion of each joint.
•Any limitation in the normal range of motion or any unusual increase in the mobility of a joint (instability).Range of motion varies among individuals and decreases with aging.
•Muscle strength when performing range-of-motion exercises against resistance.
•Any swelling, heat, tenderness, pain, nodules, or crepitation (palpable or audible crunching or grating sensation produced by motion of the joint).•Compare findings in one joint with those of the opposite joint. |
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Term
| What are the differences between Active vs. Passive vs. Assisted as it pertains to a patients capabilities in doing ROM exercises. |
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Definition
Active - the patient needs to assistance in completing the ROM regimen.
Passive - The patient can't perform any ROM exercises on their own and need total assistance
Assisted - The patient either needs assistance completing the exercises or simply needs support but lends their own strength to the effort. |
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Term
| Describe Quadriceps and Gluteal Setting Drills (Sets) |
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Definition
| Quadriceps drills are an isometric exercise—an exercise in which muscle tension occurs without a significant change in the length of the muscle. |
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Term
| In what different ways can patients do pushups while in the hospital? |
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Definition
•While sitting up in bed without support, the patient can do pushup exercises to strengthen the triceps. Instruct the patient to lift the hips off the bed by pushing down with the hands on the mattress.
•Pushups may also be done with the patient lying in bed on the abdomen. •Pushups may also be done when the patient sits in an armchair or wheelchair. |
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Term
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Definition
Danglingrefers to the position in which the person sits onthe edge of the bed with legs and feet over the side of the bed.
Have the patient move the feet using an up-and-down,marching motion. This promotes circulation in the legs. |
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Term
| How quickly can the patient lose ROM while staying in the hospital? |
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Definition
| Within 3 days you start to see decreases in mobility |
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Term
| How often should the patient exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can pillows help a patient in regard to positioning? |
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Definition
| Pillows are used primarily to provide support or to elevate a body part. |
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Term
| What are trochanter rolls? |
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Definition
| Trochanter rolls prevent the external rotation of the hips of a bedridden patient |
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Term
| What do foot boards and high top sneakers have in common with respect to patient positioning? |
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Definition
| They both can be used to prevent footdrop |
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Term
| What is a pull sheet used for? |
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Definition
| It can be used to reposition a patient either further toward the head or foot of the bed by employing the aid of another person. The ends are rolled close to the patient and then lifted on a count to reposition the patient |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a piece of equipment that has a sling capable of supporting the patients whole body on a scaffold to hoist them to either a bed, chair, or stretcher. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a handroll? |
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Definition
| Handrolls can be made of anything that is not harmful to the patient. Washcloths for example. The purpose is to prevent contractures in the hands and keep the thumb in opposition to the fingers |
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Term
| How often do immobile patients need to be repositioned? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the concept of patient care ergonomics |
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Definition
| Patient care ergonomics is the practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care. |
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Term
| What are some of the psychosocial benefits of exercise? |
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Definition
•Increased energy, vitality, and general well-being
•Improved sleep
•Improved appearance (body image)
•Improved self-concept
•Increased positive health behaviors |
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Term
| What are the nursing considerations involved in putting a patient in the Fowler's position? |
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Definition
| Prevents flexion contracture of neck, exaggerated curvature of the spine, dislocation of shoulder, flexion contracture of the wrist, etc. |
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Term
| What are the nursing considerations involved in putting a patient in the Supine position? |
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Definition
| prevents exaggerated curvature of the spine and flexion of the hips Flexion contracture of the neck |
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Term
| What are the nursing considerations involved in putting a patient in the Side-Lying position? |
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Definition
Lateral flexion of the neck
Inward rotation of the arm and interference with respiration
Extension of the finger and abduc-tion of the thumbs |
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Term
| What are the nursing considerations involved in putting a patient in the Sim's position? |
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Definition
Lateral flexion of the neck
Damage to nerves and blood vessels in the axillae of the lower arm
Internal shoulder rotation and adduction |
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Term
| What are the nursing considerations involved in putting a patient in the Prone Position? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some equipment and devices used to make moving patients easier? |
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Definition
| Gait Belts, Lateral-assist devices(long handles with friction reducing sheet),Mechanical lateral-assist device, Hoyer lift, stand assist aid |
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Term
| What are some of the benefits of regular exercise? |
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Definition
| Greater heart efficiency, greater depth of respiration, more appetite, better coordination, more efficient metabolism, etc. |
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Term
| What are you assessing for when evaluating a patients muscle mass, tone, and strength? |
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Definition
| Evaluating the muscle for size, tone which is the natural tension of the muscle (hypotonicity would be lack of tone or flaccid muscles), Strength is easily measured by having the patient push up or down on the nurse's palms. |
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