Method of processing multiple scripts at the same time without waiting for the outcome of a previously launched script to occur.

Server at each site that acts as a gatekeeper in managing site-to-site replication. This allows intersite replication to update only one domain controller within a site. After a bridgehead server is updated, it updates the remainder of its domain controller partners with the newly replicated information.

Method used by domain controllers to inform one another of when changes need to be replicated. Each domain controller will hold a change for 45 seconds before forwarding it, after which it will transmit the change to each of its replication partners in 3-second intervals.

Form of notation that shows the number of bits being used for the subnet mask. For example, for an IP address of 192.168.64.0 with a mask of 255.255.255.0, the CIDR representation would be 192.168.64.0/24.

To reduce the size of transmitted data to decrease the use of network bandwidth.

Amount of time required for replication so that all domain controllers in the environment contain the most up-to-date information.

Value assigned to a site link object to define the path that replication will take. If more than one path can be used to replicate information, cost assignments will determine which path is chosen first. A lower-numbered cost value will be chosen over a higher-numbered cost value.

Command-line tool used for monitoring Active Directory.

Created by the Knowledge Consistency Checker for the replication path. If one domain controller in the ring fails, traffic is routed in the opposite direction to allow replication to continue.

Process of replicating Active Directory information from one site to another.

Process that selects a bridgehead server and maps the topology to be used for intersite replication.

Process of replicating Active Directory information between domain controllers within a site.

Improvement to replication that is available for use after the forest functional level has been raised to Windows Server 2003 or higher, enabling a single membership change to a group to trigger the replication of only this change to each member in the list rather than the entire membership list.

Administrator’s list of servers to be used as bridgehead servers. A bridgehead server is the server at each site that acts as a gatekeeper in managing site-to-site replication.

Default protocol used for all replication traffic.

Command-line tool that can check replication consistency between replication partners, monitor replication status, display replication metadata, and force replication events and Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC) recalculation.

Servers that inform each other when updates are necessary. The Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC) selects one or more replication partners for each domain controller in the site.

Determines the time when a site link object is available to replicate information.

Transport protocol used for intersite replication when a direct or reliable IP connection is unavailable.

Defines a chain of site links by which domain controllers from different sites can communicate.

Connection between two or more sites that enables intersite replication.                             

Attribute set on an object to indicate when it was last updated. Timestamps are used to assist in the resolution of conflicts during replication. If a change was made to an attribute of the same object, the timestamp can help determine which object is the most up to date.

Default characteristic of site links that use the same transport protocol. A domain controller in any site can connect to a domain controller in any other site by navigating a chain of site links.

Local value, maintained by each domain controller, that tracks the changes made at each DC, thus tracking which updates should be replicated to other domain controllers.

Changes will be placed at the “beginning of the line” and will be applied before any other changes that are waiting to be replicated.

Network infrastructure between sites defined by fast and reliable IP subnets.