Term
| Every clinical testing and exercise program must have a(n) _________ _______ ______ to respond to injuries and medical emergencies. |
|
Definition
| Emergency response system |
|
|
Term
| At higher intensities, the potential exists for either ______ or an _________ _________ that requires an appropriate and timely response. |
|
Definition
| injury, emergency situation |
|
|
Term
| The exercise professional must create as safe an environment as possible by: (4) |
|
Definition
1) Understanding the risks.
2) Being able to implement preventive measures
3) Having knowledge regarding the appropriate care of injuries.
4) Creating, practicing, and implementing emergency plans in the event of a medical emergency. |
|
|
Term
| What are five potential sources of risk? |
|
Definition
1) Exercise equipment
2) Environment
3) Staff
4) Medical History
5) Individual factors |
|
|
Term
| What are the six individual factors that are potential sources of risk? |
|
Definition
1) Age
2) Extent of exercise or athletic experience.
3) Medical history.
4) Lack of experience and familiarity with equipment.
5) Lack of knowledge about proper principles of exercise.
6) Poor body alignment or execution. |
|
|
Term
| What are five things that staff should understand in a group exercise setting? |
|
Definition
1) Spacing
2) Temperature and humidity of the space.
3) Fitness level and special needs of participants
4) Proper flooring to match group activity.
5) Appropriate warmup, cool-down, exercise progression, and sequencing. |
|
|
Term
| What categories are there for possible medical complications of exercise? (10) |
|
Definition
1) Cardiovascular Complications
2) Metabolic Complications
3) Thermal Complications
4) Pulmonary Complications
5) Gastrointestinal Complications
6) Endocrine Complications
7) Neurologic Complications
8) Musculoskeletal Complications
9) Overuse Complications
10) Traumatic Injuries. |
|
|
Term
| What are specific areas of safety in the facility? |
|
Definition
a) Building Design
b) Physical plant.
c) Fixtures.
d) Furniture.
e) Equiptment
f) Program Design
g) Staff training. |
|
|
Term
| What's the deal with Signage in Fitness Facilities? |
|
Definition
| p. 133 read it for yourself. |
|
|
Term
| Managers and staff must ____ _ ________ __ ____ ___ ______ in developing and operating facilities and equipment by _______ ______ _______ ______ __________. |
|
Definition
| meet a standard of care for safety, looking beyond obvious safety parameters |
|
|
Term
| What must be controlled because of physiologic response to exercise performance and health? |
|
Definition
| Environmental factors like temperature, humidit, and altitude. |
|
|
Term
| What strategies are mentioned to alleviate heat stress? |
|
Definition
Wear light colored clothing.
Reschedule exercise for a cooler time of day or indoors.
Reduce intensity and add rest breaks. |
|
|
Term
| True or false. It is bad to eat a high-carb diet to reduce symptoms associated with high-altitude sickness. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Test and Inspect the equipment before purchase and use. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What other safety considerations are mentioned for equipment? (4) |
|
Definition
Electrical plugs should be secured and grounded.
Treadmills should have emergency cutoff switches.
Safety instructions should be mounted on all equipment.
Machines should restrict joint movements beyond normal ROM. |
|
|
Term
| What should the basis be for locker room and reception furniture selection? |
|
Definition
| Ergonomics, durability, ability to disinfect and clean, and safety. |
|
|
Term
| Proper surfaces must be provided to prevent _____ ___ _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should maintenance of surfaces include? |
|
Definition
1) Proper cleaning and disinfecting.
2) Removal of oil and dust.
3) Inspection for cracks, holes, exposed seams, and warping. |
|
|
Term
| Supplies and small equipment ____ __ __ ______ _______ _____ ___ __________. |
|
Definition
| must be in proper working order and calibrated. |
|
|
Term
| What five things should be included in routine and required maintenance repairs? |
|
Definition
Help to ensure that everything functions safely.
Increase the life of the equipment
Reduce the risk of a mechanical problem.
Have a routine maintenance schedule.
Have a proper procedure for reporting problems which includes documentation, repair history, and resolution. |
|
|
Term
| Solutions and materials must be ____ for the skin and ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Material Safety Data Sheets |
|
|
Term
| What are causes to injury from machine and/or free weights? |
|
Definition
| Amount of weight used, improper alignment, improper technique, fatigue, and improper behavior. |
|
|
Term
| What are six methods to increase safety when lifting weights? |
|
Definition
| 1) Spotting 2) Buddy System 3) Speed of Movement 4) ROM 5) Replacing weights 6) Placement of equipment. 7) Equipment inspection and routine maintenance. |
|
|
Term
| what equipment should be readily available in case of emergency? |
|
Definition
| Sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, mask, mouth guard, and gloves for CPR, first-aid kit, and an automated external defibrillator. Also, phone, Back board and neck board. |
|
|
Term
| What should you do when you call the EMS? |
|
Definition
a) Identify yourself, location, specific point of entry, and the phone #
b) Provide an explanation of the problem.
c) Obtain medical history, medical info, and emergency contact info.
d) Provide vital signs and state of consciousness.
e) explain treatment actions taken and their results. |
|
|
Term
| How often should staff practice emergency medical procedures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should happen to ensure participant/patient safety? |
|
Definition
| Monitor signs of fatigue and distress (cardiac or pulmonary distress, and then less severe manifestations). Look for indications for stopping an exercise session. |
|
|
Term
| What are indications for stopping an exercise session? (7) |
|
Definition
| Signs of confusion or inability to concentrate, dizziness, convulsions, physical injury, nausea, physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue, the patient requests to stop. |
|
|
Term
| What four OSHA standards would maximize exercise staff safety? |
|
Definition
Wash hands thoroughly before working with a patient.
Wear gloves, goggles, and other protective clothing when necessary
Keep cords out of the path of everybody involved.
Keep long hair and loose clothing from catching on the equipment. |
|
|
Term
| What 9 things do appropriate safety plans include? |
|
Definition
| 1) Fire 2) Power Failure 3) Flood 4) Earthquake 5) Tornado 6) Bomb Threat 7) Bloodborne Pathogens and Hazardous Waste 8) Staff Certification in First Aid, CPT, AED, and ACLS, 9) Posted information. |
|
|
Term
| What should be included in fire safety plans? |
|
Definition
| Proper evacuation and contacting authorities, inspection of fire extinguishers, and procedures to use fire extinguishers. |
|
|
Term
| What should be included in flood safety plans? |
|
Definition
| Procedures to reduce the risk of flooding in areas such as the pool, shower, and whirlpool, and procedures for clean-up and salvage. |
|
|
Term
| What should be included in earthquake safety plans? |
|
Definition
| Procedures for evacuation and safety of equipment and people. |
|
|
Term
| What should be included in a tornado safety plan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must be included in a safety plan regarding Bloodbourne Pathogens and Hazardous Waste. |
|
Definition
1) OSHA has specific standards that must be posted.
2) All staff must be familiar with and trained in these procedures.
3) Proper disposal of "contaminated" items can be obtained from a local health department.
4) Biohazard bags should be readily available. |
|
|
Term
| ______ ______ __ ________. This includes _______ ________ and procedures, _____, patient and client ______, as well as the ________ ___ _____ of exercise programs. Such documents offer important __________ _______ _________ ___ __________ for both facilities and staff. |
|
Definition
| Events should be recorded, written policies, rules, rights, benefits and risks, protection against liability and negligence. |
|
|
Term
| What do participant agreements define in an exercise program? |
|
Definition
| The risks and rewards, type, and who shares the risk and responsibility. |
|
|
Term
| What does informed consent provide? |
|
Definition
1) Potential benefits and risks.
2) Purpose of the test or exercise program.
3) Participant responsibilities.
4) Opportunity for the participant to ask questions. |
|
|
Term
| What should incident reports include? (4) |
|
Definition
1. Detailed documentation of the entire incident with factual info.
2. Names and contact info of participants and witnesses.
3. All actions by staff to resolve the problem.
4. Any follow-up action required or taken. |
|
|
Term
| True or false, an emergency plan is mandatory in all testing and exercise areas. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What zix things must the emergency plan specify? |
|
Definition
1) Each staff member's responsibilities.
2) Methods to activate the emergency procedures.
3) Required equipment.
4) Contacts for emergency response.
5) A map of emergency exits, emergency equipment locations, phones, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers.
6) Step-by-step actions to take.
7) |
|
|
Term
| True or false, all emergency incidents must be documented with dates, times, actions, people involved, and outcomes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the staff role during an emergency? |
|
Definition
| Control the situation, maintain order and calm, activate the EMS if necessary, and assure that proper documentation, follow-up, and review of the event occur. |
|
|
Term
| Review Staff Training on page 140. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What information should a trainer communicate to an EMS person. |
|
Definition
1) Patient's location
2) Patient's status.
3) Symptoms and actions that led to the emergency.
4) Actions of the exercise staff in caring for the patient. |
|
|
Term
| Review "Communicating with a Physician, contacting the patient's family physician, and contacting the patient's family or emergency medical contact. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should initial monitoring include? (7) |
|
Definition
1) HR
2) Heart Rhythm
3) BP
4) Respiration
5) Oxygen Saturation
6) Physical signs of complication
7) Blood glucose level in patients with diabetes. |
|
|
Term
| What physical signs of complications should be observed in initial monitoring of a medical emergency? |
|
Definition
| Loss of balance, convulsion or seizure, shivering, cold clammy skin, expression of pain. |
|
|
Term
| What purposes do follow-up actions serve after emergency incidents? |
|
Definition
| It clarifies the patient's current medical status, it provides more info regarding consequences of the staff's actions, it allows the staff to finalize the incident report. |
|
|
Term
| What purposes do follow-up actions serve after emergency incidents? |
|
Definition
| It clarifies the patient's current medical status, it provides more info regarding consequences of the staff's actions, it allows the staff to finalize the incident report. |
|
|
Term
| What should documentation of an emergency event include? (5) |
|
Definition
| Time line of events. Names and contact info of all people involved including witnesses. Actions take by the staff to resolve the emergency situation. All communications with medical personnel, family, and other staff. Follow up actions. |
|
|
Term
| ______________ _______ may reduce the risk of injury. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ ______ may help to prevent many chronic medical conditions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false, hydration is always appropriately driven by thirst. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is involved in identifying an individual's contraindications to exercise testing and training? (4) |
|
Definition
1) Reviewing the medical history.
2) Assessing cardiac risk.
3) Evaluating physical examination findings.
4) Evaluating laboratory test results. |
|
|
Term
| After indentifying contraindications, who should not undergo exercise testing or training? |
|
Definition
| Persons with absolute contraindications. |
|
|
Term
| What should happen with a person with relative contraindications to exercise? |
|
Definition
| They can undergo exercise testing and training only after careful analysis by a physician of his or her risk to benefit ration. |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of risk factors are there for musculoskeletal injuries? |
|
Definition
| Extrinsic factors, intrinsic factors, and high-risk stretches. |
|
|
Term
| What are the objectives for care of musculoskeletal injuries? |
|
Definition
| decrease pain, reduce swelling, and prevent further injury and loss of function. |
|
|
Term
| What does the acronym RICES mean? |
|
Definition
| Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, and Stabilization. |
|
|
Term
| How can the objectives of care for musculoskeletal injuries be met? |
|
Definition
| RICES, Heat, Splints or Casts, Medications, Care of Low Back Injury, Ergonomics. |
|
|
Term
| What are other medical emergencies typical to a gym environment? (14) |
|
Definition
1. Heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
2. Fainting
3. Simple and Compound Fractures.
4. Seizure
5. Bleeding
6. Sudden Cardiac Arrest
7. Myocardial Infarction
8. Hyperglycemia
9. Transient Ischemic Attack or Stroke
10. Internal Cardiac Defibrillator Discharge
11. Serious Arrhythmias
12. Hypoglycemia
13. Bronchospasm
14. Hypotension and Shock. |
|
|
Term
| How often do people suffer sudden cardiac arrest in clinical exercise tests? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should be checked if someone is experiencing sudden cardiac arrest? |
|
Definition
| If the patient is breathing and has a pulse, or not. |
|
|
Term
| What should you do if a patient who has suffered sudden cardiac arrest is not breathing or doesn't have a pulse? |
|
Definition
| Call EMS, and perform CPR |
|
|
Term
| What serious arrhythmias are considered to be serious enough to require emergency attention? |
|
Definition
1) Ventricular fibrillation
2) Ventricular tachycardia
3) Atrial Fibrillation
4) Supraventricular tachycardia
5) Severe or symptomatic bradycardia. |
|
|
Term
| Be sure to study the 14 other medical emergencies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four common category 1 medications administered in medical emergencies? |
|
Definition
| Epinephrine, Lidocaine or amiodarone, oxygen, and atropine. |
|
|
Term
| What is atropine used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
