Term
Review skin anatomy.
(a) What are the 2 layers called?
(b) What lies beneath these layers?
(c) What type of epithelium does the skin have?
(d) What 2 glands are part of the skin?
(e) What protrudes from the skin? |
|
Definition
(a) Epidermis (top) and dermis
(b) Subcutaneous tissue (fat)
(c) Squamous
(d) Sweat glands and oil (sebaceous) glands
(e) Hair follicle |
|
|
Term
| What 4 things cause acne? |
|
Definition
(1) Bacteria
(2) Abnormal keratinization
(3) Inflammation
(4) Increased sebum production |
|
|
Term
| Name 6 exacerbating factors. |
|
Definition
(1) Environment
(2) Genetics
(3) Cosmetics
(4) Emotions
(5) Hormones
(6) Medications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1) Open comedo
(2) Closed comedo
(3) Pustules
(4) Papules
(5) Nodules
(6) Cysts |
|
|
Term
| What is a Level I grading/classification? |
|
Definition
Open and closed.
Less than 10.
No inflammatory lesions or scars.
Only on the face. |
|
|
Term
| What is a Level II grading/classification? |
|
Definition
Papules
<25
Face, and could be on trunk
Could be mild scarring
Some inflammation
Lesions <5mm |
|
|
Term
| What is a Level III Grading/Classification? |
|
Definition
Pustuler
>25
Moderate scarring
Invisible purulent core |
|
|
Term
| What is a Level IV Grading/Classification? |
|
Definition
Severe cystic.
Cysts and nodules.
Estensive.
Anywhere on the body.
Extensive scarring.
Inflammation
lesions >5mm |
|
|
Term
| What are some non-pharmacological treatments for acne? |
|
Definition
Cleansing.
Avoid/Minimize causes.
Don't touch your face.
Use water based products, not oil based.
Don't pop pimples. |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 pharmacological treatments? What are the 2 main ones? (indicate them with an asterisks) |
|
Definition
(1) Salicylic acid*
(2) Benzoyl Peroxide*
(3) Sulfur
(4) Sulfur/ Resorcinol |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 TYPES of prescribed pharmacological treatment? |
|
Definition
(1) Oral isotretinoin
(2) Topical or systemic antibiotics
(3) Hormonal
(4) Combo therapy
(5) Retinoids - associated with Vitamin A |
|
|
Term
Describe a topical retinoid:
(a) When is it prescribed?
(b) When can/should it not be used?
(c) Side effects?
(d) What can you combine it with?
(e) What is it mainly used for?
(f) Since it is a topical solution, it is not absorbed ___. |
|
Definition
(a) 1st line of defense
(b) Can not be used during pregnancy, should not be used for severe cases
(c) Drying and peeling
(d) Antimicrobial therapy
(e) Maintenance
(f) Systemically |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 topical retinoids? |
|
Definition
| Tretinoine, adapalene, tazarotene |
|
|
Term
| What are the possible adverse reactions to topical retinoids? |
|
Definition
| Skin irritation, peeling, dryness, erythema (skin reddening), Stinging/Burning |
|
|
Term
Describe Topical Antibiotics:
(a) usually used as an _____
(b) 2 examples
(c) Treatment usually lasts how long?
(d) Where is it mixed? |
|
Definition
(a) alternative
(b) Clindamycin and Erythromycin
(c) 6-8 weeks
(d) In the pharmacy |
|
|
Term
| When are oral antibiotics used? Which ones? |
|
Definition
Oral antibiotics are used for moderate or severe acne.
Anything in the tetracycline family is used. (Doxycyline, monocycline, etc.)
Also azythromyocin.
If they can't use a tetracycline, use bactrim - (brand name) - sulfamethoxizole/trimethaprim |
|
|
Term
Hormonal: Only a few birth control are approved to help with acne.
Name 3 categories of hormonal agents. |
|
Definition
Steroids - legal/illegal
Puberty - estrogen/testosterone
Spiranolactone - anti-androgen |
|
|
Term
Describe oral isotretinoin.
(a) When is it prescribed?
(b) How well does it work?
(c) What are the side effects?
(d) What special program is associated with tretinoin? |
|
Definition
(a) last line / severe
(b) diminishes 50% acne within weeks - works really well
(c) birth defects, liver damage, suicidal thoughts, increase cholesterol, osteoporosis
(d) iPledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Be able to track and make sure isotretinoin is used safely.
Goal is to eliminate fetal exposure.
Affects prescribers, patients, pharmacists, wholesalers, and pharmacies. All must be registered to sell this. |
|
|
Term
Specifics about iPledge:
(a) When must females not be pregnant?
(b) Before the initial Rx is given, how many pregnancy tests must the woman undergo, when, and where?
(c) How often must a pregnancy test be administered?
(d) How many forms of effective contraception?
(e) How long do you have to fill the Rx? |
|
Definition
(a) 1 month before, during, and 1 month after
(b) 2 pregnancy tests, 19 days apart, 1 at MD and 1 at certified labratory
(c) Once a month
(d) 2
(e) 7 days |
|
|
Term
| How long do males have to fill a Rx for Oral Isotetrinoin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which formulation should you use for acne? |
|
Definition
| Cream>lotion>gel>solution |
|
|
Term
| What topical solution should you never use for acne? |
|
Definition
|
|
