Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| External, located close to or on the surface |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Toward the attached en of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Toward the midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts |
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Term
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Definition
| Divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sections |
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Term
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Definition
| Divides the body or any of into parts into superior and inferior sections |
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Term
| Major functions of the cardiovascular system |
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Definition
1)Distributing oxygen and nutrients to the cells
2)Plasma in the blood stream carries hormones and amino acids to the muscles
3)Removes waste such as carbon dioxide and metabolic by-products
4)Helps regulate body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| works as the control system |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| controls the nervous structures |
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Term
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Definition
| Makes up 74 of 206 bones, protects CNS (consisting of skull, spine and rib-cage) |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of 126 bones that form the extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
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Term
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Definition
| carries hormones and nutrients to the muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| attach to the bones and help move the body |
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Term
| Cardiac and Visceral muscles |
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Definition
| both are involuntary muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| carry oxygen rich blood to the muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| carry depleted blood back to the heart |
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Term
| Major characteristics of a synovial joint |
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Definition
| An articular cartilage, an articular capsule, a synovial membrane, and synovial fluid |
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Term
| Major characteristics of a cartilaginous joint |
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Definition
| the bones are connected by cartilage and allow little to no movement |
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Term
| Major characteristics of a fibrous joint |
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Definition
| Held tightly together by fibrous connective tissue and allow little to no movement |
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Term
| What is the role of tendons? |
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Definition
| transmits force from muscle to bone |
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Term
| what is the role of ligaments? |
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Definition
| supports joints by attaching one to bone |
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Term
| What is the role of Fascia? |
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Definition
| provides framework that ensures proper alignment of muscle fibers, blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
| Which blood vessels carry blood that is rich in oxygen from the lungs back to the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscle(s) is most important for respiration in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wolff's law explains what? |
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Definition
| Bones increase density in response to the stress applied through weight-bearing exercise |
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Term
| Golgi tendon organs (GTO) can affect a static stretch by causing what? |
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Definition
| Relaxation of the muscles(s) being stretched through autogenic inhibition |
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Term
| What organ is primarily responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
| The forward-backward movements of the arms and legs during walking occur in which plane of movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of muscle fiber is the most highly adaptable to different training stimuli, making it able to increase oxidative capacities or increase force production and speed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscles are prime movers for the shoulder joint adduction performed during a wide-grip pull-up? |
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Definition
| Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi |
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Term
| How does the pancreas help regulate blood glucose levels? |
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Definition
| It secrets glucagon to increase blood glucose levels and insulin to increase glucose uptake by the cells |
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Term
| What are the four major components of physical fitness? |
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Definition
| Muscular fitness, cardiorespretory endurance, flexibility and body composition |
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Term
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Definition
| the total amount of force produced in one contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscles ability to exert force over time |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of fat needed to be alive and reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| everything past the essential fat |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of air volume with each breath |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of oxidized blood from each heart beat |
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Term
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Definition
| the metabolic pathways that produce ATP in the presence of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| the metabolic pathways that produce ATP without oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| a minor hear injury due to not being acclimated or warming up properly |
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Term
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Definition
| a serious form of heat exhaustion where that body shuts down and cannot regulate heat |
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Term
| First ventilatory threshold (VT1) |
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Definition
| starts when lactate first builds up |
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Term
| Second ventilatory threshold (VT2) |
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Definition
| occurs when lactate is rapidly forming |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of breaking down fatty acids for the production of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| the relative amount and availably of an atmospheric gas at a given altitude |
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Term
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Definition
| the site for aerobic production of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| a category of hormones that stimulate the body to adjust to the increased metabolic demands of exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| the process that results in preparing the body for exercise, "flight or fight" mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
| the greatest amount of oxygen an individual can take in, transport and use for physical work |
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Term
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Definition
| a high-energy compound found within muscle cells used to supply energy for intense, short-duration activities |
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Term
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Definition
| (ATP) complicated chemical structure that when broken down released energy for cellular work |
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Term
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Definition
| A metabolic by-product that causes changes in muscle pH and eventual muscle fatigue |
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Term
| Respiratory exchange ratio |
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Definition
| the amount of carbon dioxide produced relative to the amount of oxygen consumed |
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Term
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Definition
| the highest intensity that can be sustained for one to two hours in well-trained individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| the highest intensity that can be sustained for 30 to 60 minutes in well-trained individuals |
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Term
| What 3 basic process of the cardiorespiratory system must be functions properly to provide adequate blood and nutrients to the tissues? |
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Definition
1) Getting oxygen to the blood via pulmonary ventelation
2) Delivering oxygen to the active tissues
3)Extracting oxygen from the blood to complete the metabolic production of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that promotes protein and triglyceride breakdown during prolonged exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that plays a major role in bone formation and maintenance |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that increases cardiac output and causes gylcogenolysis during exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that facilitates glucose removal from the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that limits sodium excretion in the urine to maintain electrolyte balance during exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that reduces the urinary excretion of water |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that causes the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that facilitates protein synthesis in the body |
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Term
| At rest, respiratory exchange ration values average approximately 0.75, which indicates the body is burning what percent of fat and carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| 85% fat and 15% carbohydrate |
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Term
| Lean body mass consists of what? |
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Definition
| muscles, bones, nervous tissue, skin, blood and organs |
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Term
| Cardiac output is the product of what? |
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Definition
| heart rate and stroke volume |
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Term
| On average, how many calories are burned for every liter of oxygen consumed? |
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Definition
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Term
| During exercise, diastolic BP stays the same due to what? |
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Definition
| vasodilation of blood vessels |
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Term
| What is excess post-exercise oxygen consumption? |
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Definition
| The increase use of oxygen after and intense workout to restore the body's homeostatic conditions |
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Term
| What are the nervous-system structures that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery? |
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Definition
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Term
| Individuals who excel in activities characterized by sudden bursts of activity, but who tire relatively quickly, most likely have a larger percentage of what type of muscle? |
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Definition
| Fast twitch muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition associated with low body weight and excessively high levels of chronic exercise training that can increase one's risk for osteoporosis |
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Term
| What is the formula for respiratory exchange ratio? |
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide produced/oxygen consumed |
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Term
| What is the formula for cardiac output? |
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Definition
| Q= HR (heart rate) x SV (stroke volume) |
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Term
| What is the formula for Relative VO2 max? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the formula for absolute VO2 max? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some symptoms for heat exhaustion? |
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Definition
weak rapid pulse
low BP
headache
nausea
dizziness
cold clammy skin
profuse sweating
etc. |
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Term
| What are some symptoms for heat stroke? |
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Definition
hot dry skin
bright red skin
rapid strong pulse
labored breathing
elevated core temp |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of form, patterns or movements regardless of force |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of effects of internal and external forces |
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Term
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Definition
| an excessive posterior curvature of the thoratic spine |
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Term
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Definition
| an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine |
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Term
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Definition
| a rotator cuff muscle located superior to the spine of the scapula |
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Term
|
Definition
| a rotator cuff muscle located inferior to the spine of the scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| a persons body contact to the floor |
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Term
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Definition
| the area of movement around base of support where your still on balance |
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Term
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Definition
| exercises where the chain furthest from the body is fixed (emphasized compression) |
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Term
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Definition
| exercises where the chain furthest away from the body is free |
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Term
|
Definition
| a body at rest will stay at rest, a body at motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an external force |
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Term
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Definition
| force acted on a body in a given direction is equal to the bodies mass multiplied by the bodies acceleration in that direction (F=MA) |
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Term
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Definition
| every force is accompanied by an equal and opposite reaction force |
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Term
| What four muscles are synergistically responsible for hip flexion? |
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Definition
1) Illiopsoas
2) Rectus femorus
3) Satorius
4)Tensor facia latae |
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Term
| What are the 6 external rotators of the hip? |
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Definition
1) Piriformus
2) Superior gemelles
3) Obturator internaus
4) Obtuator externus
5) Inferior gemeltes
6) Quadratus femoris |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive lateral curvature of the spine |
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Term
| What is the key function of the seratus antirior? |
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Definition
| to hold the medial border of the scapula firmly against the rib cage to prevent "winging" of the shoulder blade |
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Term
| What muscle is nicknamed the "little lat" because its functions are identical to the latissimus dorsi? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Sesamoid bone that acts like a pulley to increase the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps at the knee joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| relationship of the arm and shoulder blade during shoulder abduction and flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| maintaining the body's position over its base of support within stability limits |
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Term
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Definition
| increases as the feet move farther apart, creating a larger base of support |
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Term
| What are 3 factors associated with muscular balance? |
|
Definition
1) Bilateral strength/flexibility
2) Proportional strength ratios in agonist/antagonist muscles groups
3) Balance in flexibility |
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Term
| List 3 reasons why the caloric cost of walking is greater for overweight and obese people? |
|
Definition
1) Alternated step frequensemetrycy
2) Greater vertical displacement of center of gravity
3) Extraneous movement related to greater limb demesions |
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Term
| What are 2 reasons for the decrease in flexibility seen during adolescence? |
|
Definition
1) Bones grow much faster than the muscle can stretch
2) Prolonged sitting in school (specifically in the hamstrings) |
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Term
|
Definition
| the study of form, patterns or movements regardless of force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of effects of internal and external forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an excessive posterior curvature of the thoratic spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rotator cuff muscle located superior to the spine of the scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rotator cuff muscle located inferior to the spine of the scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a persons body contact to the floor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the area of movement around base of support where your still on balance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exercises where the chain furthest from the body is fixed (emphasized compression) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exercises where the chain furthest away from the body is free |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a body at rest will stay at rest, a body at motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an external force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| force acted on a body in a given direction is equal to the bodies mass multiplied by the bodies acceleration in that direction (F=MA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| every force is accompanied by an equal and opposite reaction force |
|
|
Term
| What four muscles are synergistically responsible for hip flexion? |
|
Definition
1) Illiopsoas
2) Rectus femorus
3) Satorius
4)Tensor facia latae |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 external rotators of the hip? |
|
Definition
1) Piriformus
2) Superior gemelles
3) Obturator internaus
4) Obtuator externus
5) Inferior gemeltes
6) Quadratus femoris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive lateral curvature of the spine |
|
|
Term
| What is the key function of the seratus antirior? |
|
Definition
| to hold the medial border of the scapula firmly against the rib cage to prevent "winging" of the shoulder blade |
|
|
Term
| What muscle is nicknamed the "little lat" because its functions are identical to the latissimus dorsi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sesamoid bone that acts like a pulley to increase the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps at the knee joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relationship of the arm and shoulder blade during shoulder abduction and flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maintaining the body's position over its base of support within stability limits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases as the feet move farther apart, creating a larger base of support |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 factors associated with muscular balance? |
|
Definition
1) Bilateral strength/flexibility
2) Proportional strength ratios in agonist/antagonist muscles groups
3) Balance in flexibility |
|
|
Term
| List 3 reasons why the caloric cost of walking is greater for overweight and obese people? |
|
Definition
1) Alternated step frequensemetrycy
2) Greater vertical displacement of center of gravity
3) Extraneous movement related to greater limb demesions |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 reasons for the decrease in flexibility seen during adolescence? |
|
Definition
1) Bones grow much faster than the muscle can stretch
2) Prolonged sitting in school (specifically in the hamstrings) |
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|
