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ACE PT Chapter 2
Vocabulary from Chapter 2
38
Fitness
Professional
03/15/2010

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Term
Proximal
Definition

Anatomical term meaning toward the attached end of the limb, origin of structure, or midline of the body. 

 

Opposite of distal.

Term
Distal
Definition

Anatomical term meaning away from the attached end of the limb, origin of structure, or midline of the body.

 

Opposite of Proximal.

Term
Medial
Definition

Anatomical term meaning toward the midline of the body;

Pertaining to the center.

 

Opposite of Lateral.

Term
Lateral
Definition

Anatomical term meaning away from the midline of the body;

Pertaining to the side.

 

Opposite of medial.

Term
Inversion
Definition

Moving the sole of the foot inward.

 

Adduction of the foot.

 

Opposite of Eversion.

Term
Deep
Definition

Internal;

 

Located further beneath the body surface than the superficial structures.

Term
Superficial
Definition

External;

 

Located close to or on the body surface.

Term
Plantarflexion
Definition

Distal movement of the plantar surface of the foot;

 

(Pointing the toe towards the floor)

 

Opposite of Dorsiflexion.

Term
Eversion
Definition

Movement of the sole of the foot outward.

 

Abduction of the foot.

 

Opposite of Inversion.

Term
Synergist
Definition
A muscle that assists another muscle in its function.
Term
Antagonist
Definition
The muscle that acts in opposition to the action produced by an agonist muscle.
Term
Agonist
Definition

A muscle that is directly engaged in contraction;

 

Opposes the action of an antagnoist muscle.

Term
Aponeurosis
Definition
A white, flattened, tendinous expansion that mainly serves to connect a muscle to the part it moves.
Term
Tendons
Definition
Strong, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.
Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
Standing erect with the feet and palms facing forward.
Term
Frontal Plane
Definition

Imaginary vertical line that divides the body into anterior and posterior halves.

 

Lies at right angle to sagittal plane.

Term
Anterior
Definition

Anatomical term meaning toward the front.

 

Same as ventral.

 

Opposite of Posterior.

Term
Sagittal Plane
Definition

Imaginary vertical line that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sections.

 

Lies at right angle to Frontal Plane.

Term
Adduction
Definition

Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.

 

Opposite of Abduction.

 

Remember - ADD back to the midline

Term
Abduction
Definition

Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body.

 

Opposite of Adduction.

 

Remember - AB "Away from Body"

Term
Extension
Definition

Movement at a joint that brings two parts into or toward a straight line.

 

Opposite of Flexion.

 

Remember - Straightening the elbow to make the arm into a straight line.

Term
Flexion
Definition

Movement about a joint in which the bones on either side of the joint are brought closer to each other.

 

Opposite of Extension.

 

Remember - bending the arm at the elbow to bring the forearm closer to the bicep.

Term
Axis of Rotation
Definition
The imaginary line or point about which an object, such as a body or lever, rotates.
Term
Ligaments
Definition
A connective tissue that functions to connect two bones.
Term
Articulation
Definition

Place of union or junction between two or more bones.

 

Joint

Term
Amenorrhea
Definition
The absence of menstruation
Term
Sedentary
Definition

Doing or requiring much sitting;

 

Not active.

Term
Wolff's Law
Definition
Bone is capable of adjusting its strength in proportion to the amount of stress placed on it.
Term
Connective Tissue
Definition

The tissue that binds together and supports various structures of the body.

 

for example:  ligaments and tendons

Term
Collagen
Definition
The main constituent of connective tissue, such as ligaments, tendons & muscles.
Term
Bronchioles
Definition
The smallest tubes that supply air to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs.
Term
Venules
Definition

Continuation of the capillaries that join together to form veins.

 

Where deoxygenated capillary blood begins the journey back to the heart.

Term
Capillaries
Definition

The smallest blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues.

 

The site of all gas & nutrient exchange in the cardiovascular system.

 

They connect the arterial and venous systems.

Term
Arterioles
Definition

Smaller divisions of the arteries.

 

Branch from arteries and into smaller capillaries.

Term
Veins
Definition

Transport blood towards the heart.

 

Carries deoxygenated blood from body parts back to the heart - except Pulmonary Veins, which carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.

Term
Arteries
Definition

Carry blood away from the heart.

 

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to body parts - except Pulmonary Arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Term
Posterior
Definition

Toward the back.

 

Opposite of Anterior.

Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
Movement of the foot so that the heel is down and the toes are pointing upward revealing the bottom of the foot.
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