Term
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Definition
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Term
| The backbone of DNA is... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
deoxyribose
phosphate
nitrogen base |
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Term
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Definition
adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine |
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Term
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Definition
double ring
Ex: adenine and guanine |
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Term
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Definition
single ring
Ex: cytosine and thymine |
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Term
| What is the sugar in DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of adenine equals the amount of |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of cytosine equals the amount of |
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Definition
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Term
| The two strands of DNA are ____ to each other |
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Definition
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Term
| What is meant by complementary base pairing? |
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Definition
A and T bond together
C and G bond together |
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Term
| DNA is a ____ stranded molecule in the shape of a double _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| How can organisms be so different from each other if their genetic material is made of the same four nucleotides? |
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Definition
| Differences in organisms are from the sequence of bases and the order of the bases |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the enzyme that unzips the DNA in replication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the enzyme that glues on the nucleotides during replication? |
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Definition
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Term
| At the end of replication the 2 molecules of DNA are ____ to each other. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does DNA replication take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what direction does DNA polymerase move? |
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Definition
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Term
| The strand that runs 3'-5' in the same direction it is unzipping is the ____ strand |
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Definition
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Term
| The strand that runs 3'-5' in the opposite direction that it is unzipping is the ____ strand. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| short segments of complementary DNA |
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Term
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Definition
- New strand is replicated in the opposite direction it is unzipping.
- Takes more time to assemble
- Creates Okazaki segements
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Term
| What is the name of the enzyme that joins together the Okazaki segments? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Strand assembled in the same direction it is unzipping.
- Assembles fast
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The nitrogen bases in RNA are... |
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Definition
| adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil |
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Term
| RNA is a ____ stranded molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| Transcription occurs in the.. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- messenger RNA
- takes information from the DNA in the nucleus to ribosome
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Term
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Definition
- transfer RNA
- transports amino acids to the ribosome
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Term
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Definition
- ribosomal RNA
- what ribosomes are made of
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Term
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Definition
Make an RNA copy of a portion of a DNA strand |
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Term
| What is the name of the enzyme that unzips the DNA in transcription? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the enzyme that glues on the nucleotides in transcription? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is made at the end of transcription? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a set of 3 nitrogen bases that represents an amino acid |
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Term
| There are how many different types of amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| There are how many possible combinations for codons |
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Definition
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Term
| How many codons code for amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the start codon and what does it code for. |
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Definition
| AUG and codes for methionine |
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Term
| A chain of amino acids makes a |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The process of converting mRNA into a sequence of amino acids |
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Term
| Where does translation take place |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is carried on the tRNA and attaches to the codon |
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Term
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Definition
| any change in a DNA sequence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a change in a single base pair in DNA |
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Term
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Definition
a single base is added or deleted from DNA and causes every amino acid from that point on to change |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in chromosomes during replication |
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Term
| Chromosomal mutations are rarely passed on to the next generation because... |
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Definition
- the zygote usually dies
- the mature organism is usually sterile
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Term
| 4 Types of Chromosomal Mutations |
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Definition
deletion
duplication
inversion
translocation |
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Term
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Definition
a fragment of a chromosome breaks off, and is lost |
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Term
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Definition
| a chromosome fragment attaches to its homologous chromosome, which will then carry two copies of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Fragment reattaches to the original chromosome in the reverse orientation |
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Term
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Definition
a fragment may join a nonhomologous chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| a mistake in base pairing during DNA replication. It occurs at random |
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Term
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Definition
| any agent that can cause a change in DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| reads the DNA strand and checks it for mistakes |
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Term
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Definition
| Fixes any mistakes in the DNA strand |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of homologous chromosomes to separate |
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Term
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Definition
1 extra chromosome
Ex: down syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
missing 1 chromosome
Ex: turner syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms with more than the two chromosome per set. |
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