Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Acc 341
test 2
36
Accounting
Undergraduate 3
04/01/2013
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Accounting Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
Documentation
 Definition
uses narratives, flow charts, and diagrams to describe the who, what, when, where, why and how of an information system
Term

Documentation Tools

 

 Definition
  • Narratives
  • Flowcharts
  • Data flow diagrams
  • Decision table
Term

Data flow diagrams

 

 Definition
  • Focuses on logical, not physical
  • Focuses on what happened, not how it happened
  • Doesn't show internal entities, only external
Term

Elements of Data flow diagrams

 

 Definition
  • transformation processes- contains the name of the process
    • Shown by a square
    • Action verb + object names
  • Data source and destinations 
    • External entities
    • Shown by box
  • Data stores
    • temporary or permanent storage of data
    • Shown by dashed lines
  • Data flow
    • connects processes, stores, and sources
    • shown by an arrow
Term
Constraints and guidelines of DFDs
 Definition
  • no black and white approach
  • Transformation process must have 1 input/output
    • Sandwich rule
  • Data store must have 1 input/output
  • Data flow must have one end connecting to
    • another processor
    • data store
    • external entity
Term

Flowcharts

 

 Definition
technique used to describe some aspect of an information system in a clear, concise, and logical manner
Term

Document flowchart

 

 Definition
  • Shows the flow of documents and info among areas of responsibility within an organization
  • Shows where the document originates, distribution, purpose, disposition, and everything that happens as it flows through the system
  • Useful for analyzing internal controls
Term

System flowchart

 

 Definition
  • Shows relationship among system input, process, and output
  • Used for system analysis/design/evaluation
Term
Entity-Relationship Diagram
 Definition
graphical technique for portraying a database schema. Its called an E-R diagram because it shows the various entities being modeled and the important relationships between them.
Term
Entity
 Definition
anything about which the organization wants to collect and store information
Term
REA data model
 Definition
focuses on the business semantics underlying an organization's value chain activities. Provides guidance for database design by identifying what entities should be included in the AIS database
Term
Resources
 Definition
those things that have economic value to the organization
Term
Events
 Definition
are the various business activities about which management wants to collect information for planning or control purposes
Term
Agents
 Definition
the people and organizations that participate in events and about whom information is desired for planning, control, and evaluation purposes
Term
Database Design Process
 Definition
  1. Planning
  2. System Analysis (Requirement Analysis)
  3. Conceptual Design (Design)
  4. Physical Design (Coding)
  5. Implementation and Conversion
  6. Operation and Maintenance 
Term
Planning
 Definition
  • Determine Needs
  • Technological and Economic Feasibility 

 

PROVIDE FINANCIAL DATA
Term

Systems Analysis (Requirement Analysis)

 

 Definition
  • ID user needs 
  • Define Scope
  • Determine Hardware/Software Requirements 

 

IDENTIFY NEEDS
Term
Design
 Definition
  • Conceptual Design- Translate data requirements into conceptual models
  •  Logical Design- Implement Conceptual Model into a DBMS 
  • Physical Design- Develop actual physical structures and access models

 

DEVELOPING LOGICAL SCHEMAS
Term
Coding
 Definition
  • Translating physical schema into database structures
  • Develop new applications
  • Modify existing structures

 

 

NO ACTIVE ROLE
Term
Implementation
 Definition
  • Testing the new system
  • Converting database
  • Training new users

TESTING DATA CONVERSION / APPLICATION PROGRAMS

 
Term
Operation and Maintenance
 Definition
  • Monitoring system performance and user satisfaction
  • Enhancing and modifying system
  • Monitoring for possible obsolescence 

 

PROVIDE FEEDBACK
Term
Data Modeling
 Definition
process of defining a database so that it faithfully represents all aspects of the organization, including its interactions with the external enviroment
Term
Associative Entity
 Definition
intersection between two entities
Term
Attributive Entity
 Definition
totally dependent on an entity
Term
REA model purposes
 Definition
  • Conceptual data modeling tool
  • Use as a basis for a well-structured database
    • identify entities in the database
    • prescribing relationships among entities 
  • Highlight the structure of database and activities 
Term
Basic REA template
 Definition
  1. Each event is linked to at least one resource that it affects
  2. Each event is linked to at least one other event
  3. Each event is linked to at least two participating agents
Term
Steps to developing an REA diagram
 Definition
  1. Identify the events
    • interview- things to capture/store
    • sample form / document
    • multiple occurrences 
  2. Identify Resources and Agents
    • At least 1 resources and 2 agents for each event
      • What resource is reduced by the "give" event?
      • What resource is acquired by the "get" event?
      • What resource is affected by a commitment event?
  3. Determine Cardinalities of Relationships
    • Minimum- 0 or 1
    • Maximum- 1 or many
      • Based on specific purposes 
      • General business knowledge 

 
Term
Fraud
 Definition
knowingly false representation of a material fact made by a party with the intent to deceive and induce another party to justifiably rely on the representation to his detriment
Term

Criteria for Fraud

 

 Definition
  1. False statements / representation / disclosures 
  2. Material Facts 
  3. Deceptive Intention
  4. Justifiable Reliance 
  5. Injury / Loss suffered 
Term
Fraudulent Financial Reporting
 Definition
intentional / reckless conduct, whether by act or omission, that results in martially misleading financial statements
Term
2 types of fraud
 Definition
  • Fraudulent financial reports (management)
    • Managements characteristics and influence over control
    • Industry condition 
    • Operating characteristics and financial stability
  • Misappropriation of Assets (employees)- theft of company's assets
    • Susceptibility of assets to misappropriation 
    • Control 
Term
SAS No. 99 requires auditors to:
 Definition
  • Understand fraud
  • Discuss the risks of material fraudulent misstatements
  • Obtain information
  • Identify, assess, and respond to risks
  • Evaluate the results of their audit tests
  • Document and communicate findings
  • Incorporate a technology focus 
Term
Fraud Triangle
 Definition
  • Opportunity
    • Commit
    • Conceal- lapping and kitting
    • Convert
  • Rationalization 
    • Attitude
    • Justification
    • Lack of Personal Integrity 
  • Pressure
    • Employee
      • Financial
      • Lifestyle
      • Emotional
    • Financial statement
      • Financial 
      • Industry conditions
      • Management Characteristics
Term
Program Flowchart
 Definition

Shows sequence of logical operations in a computer program

 

Tool for designing computer programs
Term
Constraints and Guidelines-Flowcharts
 Definition
  1. Flows from top to bottom, left to right
  2. Shows only normal flows of processing (not every exception)
  3. Show number of copies of documents and disposition of ALL documents
  4. Use connectors whenever needed
  5. Sandwich rule
Term
File-oreinted approach (traditional)
 Definition
Supporting users have an ad free experience!