Term
|
Definition
| A text file created by a Web site and stored on a visitor's hard drive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An intentional act where the intent is to destroy a system or some of its components. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any and all means a person uses to gain an unfair advantage over another person. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Typically businesspeople who commit fraud. |
|
|
Term
| Misappropriation of Assets |
|
Definition
| An internal fraud in which an employee or group of employees use or steal company resources for personal gain. |
|
|
Term
| Fraudulent Financial Reporting |
|
Definition
| Intentional or reckless conduct, whether by act or omission, that results in materially misleading financial statements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A person's incentive or motivation for committing fraud. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The condition or situation that allows a person or organization to commit and conceal a dishonest act and convert it to personal gain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Concealing the theft of cash by means of a series of delays in posting collections to accounts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fraud scheme where the perpetrator conceals a theft of cash by creating cash through transfer of money between banks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The excuse that fraud perpetrators use to justify their illegal behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any illegal act for which knowledge of a computer is essential for the crime's perpetration, investigation, or prosecution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unauthorized access and use of computer systems, usually by means of a personal computer and telecommunications networks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Searching for an idle modem by programming a computer to dial thousands of phone lines. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The practice of driving around in cars looking for unprotected home or corporate wireless networks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The practice of drawing chalk symbols on sidewalks to mark unprotected wireless networks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Granting control of someone else's computer to carry out illicit activities, such as sending spam without the computer user's knowldege. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An attacker sends so many e-mail bombs (thousands per second), often from randomly generated false addresses, that the Internet service provider's e-mail server is overloaded and shuts down. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simultaneously e-mailing the same unsolicited message to many people, often in an attempt to sell them some product. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using special software to guess company addresses and send them blank e-mail messages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alerting an e-mail message to make it look as if someone else sent it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Code released by software developers that fixes a particular vulnerability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when an intruder penetrates a system's defense, steals the file containing valid passwords, decrypts them, and use them to gain access to system resources such as programs, files, and data. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a perpetrator gains access to a system by pretending to be an authorized user. This approach requires that the perpetrator know the legitimate user's identification numbers and passwords. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a perpetrator latches on to a legitimate user who is logging in to a system. The legitimate user unknowingly carries the perpetrator with him and he is allowed into the system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Changing the data before, during, or after it is entered into the system. The change can be made to add, delete, or alter sytem data. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The unauthorized copying of company data, often without leaving any indication that it was copied. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fraud technique in which tiny slices of money are stolen from many different accounts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fraud technique used in financial institutions that pay interest. The programmer instructs the computer to round down all interest calculations to two decimal places. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hacker who attacks phone systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The theft of information and intellectual property. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hackers using the Internet to disrupt electronic commerce and destroy company or individuals and other companies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using the Internet to spread false or misleading information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Threats sent to victims by e-mail. The threat usually require some follow-up action, often at great expense to the victim. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The unauthorized copying of software. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using deception to obtain unauthorized access to information resources. Access is usually obtained by fooling an employee. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assuming someone's identity, almost always for economic gain, by illegally obtaining confidential information such as a social security number. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sending an e-mail pretending to be a legitimate company, usually a financial institution, and requesting information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Searching for corporate or personal records to gain unauthorized acess to confidential information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Watching people enter telephone calling card or credit card numbers or listen as they give credit-card numbers over the telephone or to a clerk. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Observing data transmissions intended for someone else. One way unauthorized individuals can intercept signal is by setting up a wiretap. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Software that monitors computing habits and sends the data to someone else, often without the computer user's permission. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of software (1) causes banner ads to pop up on your monitor as you surf the Net, and (2) collects information about the user's Web-surfing and spending habits and forwards it to the company gathering the data, often an advertising or media organization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using spyware to record a user's keystrokes, e-mails sent and received, Web sites visited, and chat session participation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A program that lies idle until some specified circumstance or a particular time triggers it. Once triggered, the program sabotages the system by destroying programs or data. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of computer instructions that allows a user to bypass the system's normal controls. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Programs that capture data from information packets as they travel over the Internet or company networks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The unauthorized use of a system program to bypass regular system controls and perform illegal acts. The superzap utility was originally written to handle emergencies, such as restoring a system that had crashed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A segment of executable code that attaches itself to an application program or some other executable system component. When the hidden program is triggered, it makes unauthorized alterations to the way a system operates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Similar to a virus except that it is a program rather than a code segment hidden in a host program. A worm also copies itself automatically and actively transmits directly to other systems. |
|
|
