Term
An examination of the cultural background of the New Testament Gospels reveals that Jesus was A. a Roman citizen B. from the far East C. a Jew D. an Idumean |
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Definition
An examination of the cultural background of the New Testament Gospels reveals that Jesus was A. a Roman citizen B. from the far East C. a Jew D. an Idumean |
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Term
The intellectual environment of the first century C.E. was made up of A. multiple Judaisms B. a single, monolithic Judaism C. only two Judaisms: the Pharisees and the early Christians D. only three Judaisms: the Pharisees, the early Christians, and the Essenes |
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Definition
The intellectual environment of the first century C.E. was made up of A. multiple Judaisms B. a single, monolithic Judaism C. only two Judaisms: the Pharisees and the early Christians D. only three Judaisms: the Pharisees, the early Christians, and the Essenes |
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The statement that there were many gods, but only one God should be worshiped, defines the Jewish point of view known as A. polytheism B. multiculturalism C. monotheism D. monolatrism |
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Definition
The statement that there were many gods, but only one God should be worshiped, defines the Jewish point of view known as A. polytheism B. multiculturalism C. monotheism D. monolatrism |
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The characteristic that set the Jerusalem temple apart from other pagan temples across the Mediterranean world was A. animal sacrifice B. the priesthood C. that it was considered the only house of God D. all of the above |
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Definition
The characteristic that set the Jerusalem temple apart from other pagan temples across the Mediterranean world was A. animal sacrifice B. the priesthood C. that it was considered the only house of God D. all of the above |
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After the Babylonian Exile, the priestly group in control of the rebuilt (second) Jerusalem temple was A. the Aaronites B. the Zadokites C. the Enochians D. Pharisees |
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Definition
After the Babylonian Exile, the priestly group in control of the rebuilt (second) Jerusalem temple was A. the Aaronites B. the Zadokites C. the Enochians D. Pharisees |
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(Ehrman) The various Jewish sects known as Sadducees, Pharisees, and Essenes emerged during the... A. period of the undivided Israelite monarchy B. period of the Babylonian captivity C. Hasmonean period D. Roman period |
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Definition
(Ehrman) The various Jewish sects known as Sadducees, Pharisees, and Essenes emerged during the... A. period of the undivided Israelite monarchy B. period of the Babylonian captivity C. Hasmonean period D. Roman period |
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(Ehrman) The earliest surviving traditions about Jesus portray him as... A. a quiet monastic like the Essenes at Qumran B. an apocalypticist C. a priest serving in the Jerusalem temple D. a Zealot in violent opposition to Roman rule and authority |
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Definition
(Ehrman) The earliest surviving traditions about Jesus portray him as... A. a quiet monastic like the Essenes at Qumran B. an apocalypticist C. a priest serving in the Jerusalem temple D. a Zealot in violent opposition to Roman rule and authority |
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According to Christian tradition, the author of the Gospel of Mark was A. a disciple of John in Ephesus B. a disciple of Paul in Antioch C. a disciple of Peter in Rome D. a disciple of Jesus in Jerusalem |
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Definition
According to Christian tradition, the author of the Gospel of Mark was A. a disciple of John in Ephesus B. a disciple of Paul in Antioch C. a disciple of Peter in Rome D. a disciple of Jesus in Jerusalem |
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The Gospel of Mark narrates the life and ministry of Jeses over the course of A. a single year B. two years C. three years D. four years, including his early childhood and then his three-year adult ministry in Galilee |
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Definition
The Gospel of Mark narrates the life and ministry of Jeses over the course of A. a single year B. two years C. three years D. four years, including his early childhood and then his three-year adult ministry in Galilee |
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According to the Gospel of Mark, the main topic of Jesus' preaching is A. moral behavior b. the kingdom of God C. his own death and ressurection for the forgiveness of sins D. how to worship |
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Definition
According to the Gospel of Mark, the main topic of Jesus' preaching is A. moral behavior b. the kingdom of God C. his own death and ressurection for the forgiveness of sins D. how to worship |
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Term
Mark's Gospel is structured according to A. a single, unified narrative focused on Jesus' ministry in Jerusalem B. a two-part narrative divided between Jesus' ministry in Galilee and the end of his life in Jerusalem C. a three-part narrative divided between Jesus' Galilee ministry, his mission to the Gentiles in Syria, and the end of his life in Jerusalem D. a four-part narrative divided between Jesus' early childhood in Bethlehem, his ministry in Galilee, his mission to the Gentiles in Syria, and the end of his life in Jerusalem. |
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Definition
Mark's Gospel is structured according to A. a single, unified narrative focused on Jesus' ministry in Jerusalem B. a two-part narrative divided between Jesus' ministry in Galilee and the end of his life in Jerusalem C. a three-part narrative divided between Jesus' Galilee ministry, his mission to the Gentiles in Syria, and the end of his life in Jerusalem D. a four-part narrative divided between Jesus' early childhood in Bethlehem, his ministry in Galilee, his mission to the Gentiles in Syria, and the end of his life in Jerusalem. |
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According to the critical scholarly perspective, John the Baptist probably A. did not announce the coming of an eschatological messiah B. did not announce the coming of an eschatological messiah, but did announce the rise of a royal messiah for his own time. C. announced the coming of an eschatological messiah, and made the claim that Jesus was this messiah D. announced the coming of an eschatological messiah, but did not claim that Jesus was this messiah |
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Definition
According to the critical scholarly perspective, John the Baptist probably A. did not announce the coming of an eschatological messiah B. did not announce the coming of an eschatological messiah, but did announce the rise of a royal messiah for his own time. C. announced the coming of an eschatological messiah, and made the claim that Jesus was this messiah D. announced the coming of an eschatological messiah, but did not claim that Jesus was this messiah |
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According to the Little Apocalypse of Mark 13.2-30 A. evil will become stronger as the end approaches B. corruption and disorder are also an effect in nature C. Jesus did not know when the end would come, but that it was imminent D. All of the above |
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Definition
According to the Little Apocalypse of Mark 13.2-30 A. evil will become stronger as the end approaches B. corruption and disorder are also an effect in nature C. Jesus did not know when the end would come, but that it was imminent D. All of the above |
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Term
Which group was aristocratic and ran the temple in Jerusalem? A. Pharisees B. Zealots C. Sadducees D. Essenes |
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Definition
Which group was aristocratic and ran the temple in Jerusalem? A. Pharisees B. Zealots C. Sadducees D. Essenes |
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(Ehrman) In first-century Jewish apocalyptic literature, the term "Son of Man" referred to A. the divine Son of God B. the cosmic judge C. the high priest in Jerusalem D.this answer choice was unreadable on my copy of the exam, but it's not the right answer anyway so it doesn't matter |
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Definition
(Ehrman) In first-century Jewish apocalyptic literature, the term "Son of Man" referred to A. the divine Son of God B. the cosmic judge C. the high priest in Jerusalem D.this answer choice was unreadable on my copy of the exam, but it's not the right answer anyway so it doesn't matter |
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True or false: The New Testament consists of 27 individual texts which are written in several different genres. A. true B. false |
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Definition
True or false: The New Testament consists of 27 individual texts which are written in several different genres. A. true B. false |
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Term
The term "canon," when used in this class, refers to A. A siege weapon first used in China and later during the Crusades to fire a projectile over a long distance B. A Japanese corporation which manufactures printers. C. A creed, like that found in Philippians 2, that was used by the early Church to determine whether people were really Christians or not D. A closed corpus of authoritative texts which represents a selection from the available Christian documents of the time |
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Definition
The term "canon," when used in this class, refers to A. A siege weapon first used in China and later during the Crusades to fire a projectile over a long distance B. A Japanese corporation which manufactures printers. C. A creed, like that found in Philippians 2, that was used by the early Church to determine whether people were really Christians or not D. A closed corpus of authoritative texts which represents a selection from the available Christian documents of the time |
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Term
Marcion was the first person to formulate a theory about which books had authority for the Christian community. Which book(s) did Marcion NOT consider authoritative? A. Gospel of Luke B. Pauline Epistles C. Gospel of Matthew D. He considered all of the above authoritative |
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Definition
Marcion was the first person to formulate a theory about which books had authority for the Christian community. Which book(s) did Marcion NOT consider authoritative? A. Gospel of Luke B. Pauline Epistles C. Gospel of Matthew D. He considered all of the above authoritative |
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Term
True or False: The Muratorian Fragment contains a list of the texts that the community in Rome originally considered authentic, at least one of which was not even a Christian text or a text included in the Old Testament. A. True B. False |
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Definition
True or False: The Muratorian Fragment contains a list of the texts that the community in Rome originally considered authentic, at least one of which was not even a Christian text or a text included in the Old Testament. A. True B. False |
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Term
True or false: During the first four centuries of the common era, all Christians held the same beliefsf, had the same religious practices and the same organizational structure A. true B. false |
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Definition
True or false: During the first four centuries of the common era, all Christians held the same beliefsf, had the same religious practices and the same organizational structure A. true B. false |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the apocalyptic worldview? A. Evil is not a local historical reality B. Suffering is a consequence of the corruption of the universe through demons C. Eschatology D. All of the above are features of the apocalyptic worldview |
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Definition
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the apocalyptic worldview? A. Evil is not a local historical reality B. Suffering is a consequence of the corruption of the universe through demons C. Eschatology D. All of the above are features of the apocalyptic worldview |
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Term
Which of the following is the literal translation of the term "messiah"? A. Blessed one B. Righteous one C. A son of God D. Anointed one |
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Definition
Which of the following is the literal translation of the term "messiah"? A. Blessed one B. Righteous one C. A son of God D. Anointed one |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Psalms of Solomon as a whole? A. It consists of a total of 18 poems B. The group which wrote the text thought that the priests officiating in the Temple were defiled. C. The group which wrote the text had an anti-Hasmonean attitude D. All of the above are true regarding the Psalms of Solomon |
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Definition
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Psalms of Solomon as a whole? A. It consists of a total of 18 poems B. The group which wrote the text thought that the priests officiating in the Temple were defiled. C. The group which wrote the text had an anti-Hasmonean attitude D. All of the above are true regarding the Psalms of Solomon |
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Term
Which of the following is a feature of Prophetism? A. The biblical prophets wrote their books in periods of distress B. Suffering is God's punishment for people's sins C. God will cease his punishment as soon as people stop sinning D. A and B E. All of the above |
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Definition
Which of the following is a feature of Prophetism? A. The biblical prophets wrote their books in periods of distress B. Suffering is God's punishment for people's sins C. God will cease his punishment as soon as people stop sinning D. A and B E. All of the above |
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Term
In which of the following ways does the Psalms of Solomon describe the Messiah? A. He will be chosen from among the Davidic descendants B. He will receive the homage of the nations C. He will be righteousness and sinless as will the people of Israel D. A and B E. All of the above |
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Definition
In which of the following ways does the Psalms of Solomon describe the Messiah? A. He will be chosen from among the Davidic descendants B. He will receive the homage of the nations C. He will be righteousness and sinless as will the people of Israel D. A and B E. All of the above |
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TEXT ID: They should not depart from any counsel of the law inorder to walk in complete stubbornness of their heart, but instead shall be ruled by the first directives which the men of the Community began to be taught until the prophet comes, and the Messiahs of Aaron and Israel. A. Qumran fragments B. Gospel of Mark C. Psalms of Solomon D. Parables of Enoch |
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Definition
TEXT ID: They should not depart from any counsel of the law inorder to walk in complete stubbornness of their heart, but instead shall be ruled by the first directives which the men of the Community began to be taught until the prophet comes, and the Messiahs of Aaron and Israel. A. Qumran fragments B. Gospel of Mark C. Psalms of Solomon D. Parables of Enoch |
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Term
Prof. Bertalotto discussed the above mentioned text in conjunction with another fragment from the same text. Which of the following was something that he concluded? A. The priestly (Messiah of Aaron) is inferior to the royal (Messiah of Israel) B. The royal (Messiah of Israel) is inferior to the priestly (Messiah of Aaron) C. The priestly (Messiah of Aaron) and the royal (Messiah of Israel) have the same level of authority D. None of the above |
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Definition
Prof. Bertalotto discussed the above mentioned text in conjunction with another fragment from the same text. Which of the following was something that he concluded? A. The priestly (Messiah of Aaron) is inferior to the royal (Messiah of Israel) B. The royal (Messiah of Israel) is inferior to the priestly (Messiah of Aaron) C. The priestly (Messiah of Aaron) and the royal (Messiah of Israel) have the same level of authority D. None of the above |
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Term
True or false: The Psalms of Solomon describes a heavenly messiah. A. true B. false |
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Definition
True or false: The Psalms of Solomon describes a heavenly messiah. A. true B. false |
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Term
True or false: The idea of a heavenly messiah depends on the Enochic apocalyptic worldview. A. true B. false |
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Definition
True or false: The idea of a heavenly messiah depends on the Enochic apocalyptic worldview. A. true B. false |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Enochic movement? A. It is the group behind Enochic Judaism B. It consisted of priests who did not agree with the official priesthood C. It accepted the Mosaic tradition D. All of the above are true regarding the Enochic movement |
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Definition
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Enochic movement? A. It is the group behind Enochic Judaism B. It consisted of priests who did not agree with the official priesthood C. It accepted the Mosaic tradition D. All of the above are true regarding the Enochic movement |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a source for the Enochic depiction of the "son of man"? A. Daniel 7:13-14 B. 2 Samuel 7 C. Deutero-Isaiah D. Psalm 45 E. All of the above are sources for the Enochic depiction of the "son of man" |
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Definition
Which of the following is NOT a source for the Enochic depiction of the "son of man"? A. Daniel 7:13-14 B. 2 Samuel 7 C. Deutero-Isaiah D. Psalm 45 E. All of the above are sources for the Enochic depiction of the "son of man" |
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TEXT ID: And the day [of atonem]ent is the end of the tenth jubilee in which atonement will be made for all the sons of [God] and for the men of the lot of Melchizedek. [And on the heights] he will decla[re in their] favour according to their lots; for it is the time of the <<year of grace>> for Melchizedek, to exa[lt in the trial the holy ones of God through the rule of judgment, as is written about him in the songs of DAvid, who said: Ps 82:1 <<Elohim will stand up in the assem[bly of God,] in the midst of the gods he judges>>. And about him he said: Ps 7:8-9 <<Above it return to the heights, God will judge the peoples>>. AS for what he sa[id: Ps 82:2 <<How long will yo]u judge unjustly and show partiality to the wicked? Selah.>> Its interpretation concerns Belial and the spirits of his lot, who were rebels [all of them] turning aside from the commandments of God [to commit evil.] But, Melchizedek will carry out the vengeance of God's judgments [on this day, and they shall be freed from the hands] of Belial and from the hand of all the sp[irits of his lot.] A. Qumran fragments B. Gospel of Mark C. Psalms of Solomon D. Parables of Enoch
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Definition
TEXT ID: And the day [of atonem]ent is the end of the tenth jubilee in which atonement will be made for all the sons of [God] and for the men of the lot of Melchizedek. [And on the heights] he will decla[re in their] favour according to their lots; for it is the time of the <<year of grace>> for Melchizedek, to exa[lt in the trial the holy ones of God through the rule of judgment, as is written about him in the songs of DAvid, who said: Ps 82:1 <<Elohim will stand up in the assem[bly of God,] in the midst of the gods he judges>>. And about him he said: Ps 7:8-9 <<Above it return to the heights, God will judge the peoples>>. AS for what he sa[id: Ps 82:2 <<How long will yo]u judge unjustly and show partiality to the wicked? Selah.>> Its interpretation concerns Belial and the spirits of his lot, who were rebels [all of them] turning aside from the commandments of God [to commit evil.] But, Melchizedek will carry out the vengeance of God's judgments [on this day, and they shall be freed from the hands] of Belial and from the hand of all the sp[irits of his lot.] A. Qumran fragments B. Gospel of Mark C. Psalms of Solomon D. Parables of Enoch |
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What does Prof. Bertalotto conclude about Melchizedek from this passage? A. He is a heavenly being. B. Melchizedek functions as a priest who performs the eschatological atonement. C. Melchizedek functions as a king who executes judgment D. Melchizedek functions as a king who reigns in the end E. A, B and C F. All of the above |
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Definition
What does Prof. Bertalotto conclude about Melchizedek from this passage? A. He is a heavenly being. B. Melchizedek functions as a priest who performs the eschatological atonement. C. Melchizedek functions as a king who executes judgment D. Melchizedek functions as a king who reigns in the end E. A, B and C F. All of the above |
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Term
(Ehrman) Which of the following is NOT an example of second century CE Christian diversity? A. Adoptionists B. Marcionites C. Gnostics D. All of the above are examples of second century CE Christian diversity |
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Definition
(Ehrman) Which of the following is NOT an example of second century CE Christian diversity? A. Adoptionists B. Marcionites C. Gnostics D. All of the above are examples of second century CE Christian diversity |
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Term
(Ehrman) Which of the following is a reason why changes may have occurred in the texts of the New Testament when the manuscripts were copied? A. Scribes made accidental changes, such as misspelling words B. Scribes intentionally changed things to correct apparent mistakes C. Scribes intentionally changes passages in order to harmonize (put them more in line with) parallel passages D. A and B E. All of the above |
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Definition
(Ehrman) Which of the following is a reason why changes may have occurred in the texts of the New Testament when the manuscripts were copied? A. Scribes made accidental changes, such as misspelling words B. Scribes intentionally changed things to correct apparent mistakes C. Scribes intentionally changes passages in order to harmonize (put them more in line with) parallel passages D. A and B E. All of the above |
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The description of Jesus in the Testimonium Flavianum A. is a complete fraud written by later Christian scribes B. was written by the rabbis who penned the Talmud C. is probably authentic but has been interpolated by Christian scribes D. proves Jesus' divinity |
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Definition
The description of Jesus in the Testimonium Flavianum A. is a complete fraud written by later Christian scribes B. was written by the rabbis who penned the Talmud C. is probably authentic but has been interpolated by Christian scribes D. proves Jesus' divinity |
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Term
The historical critical meethod A. Tries to show how all of the New Testament is historically accurate B. Accepts all historical claims in the New Testament texts as accurate unless proven otherwise C. Is a scientific method which first analyzes the available data and then makes interpretations. D. None of the above |
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Definition
The historical critical meethod A. Tries to show how all of the New Testament is historically accurate B. Accepts all historical claims in the New Testament texts as accurate unless proven otherwise C. Is a scientific method which first analyzes the available data and then makes interpretations. D. None of the above |
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Term
The criterion of multiple attestation A. Is used by historians in order to show how a historical event is true in multiple ways B. was an ancient Jewish mathematical method similar to multiplication C. Is used by historians in order to show how a historical event is more likely to be true if it is attested in more than one independent source D. Is used by historians to prove that a historical event is true if it is attested several times in one source. |
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Definition
The criterion of multiple attestation A. Is used by historians in order to show how a historical event is true in multiple ways B. was an ancient Jewish mathematical method similar to multiplication C. Is used by historians in order to show how a historical event is more likely to be true if it is attested in more than one independent source D. Is used by historians to prove that a historical event is true if it is attested several times in one source. |
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Term
True or false: The criterion of Aramaic is a very reliable criterion A. true B. false |
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Definition
True or false: The criterion of Aramaic is a very reliable criterion A. true B. false |
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Term
Flavius Josephus was A. The first Jewish emperor of the Roman Empire B. The last Pharisee C. A Jewish historian D. A Jewish priest from Qumran |
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Definition
Flavius Josephus was A. The first Jewish emperor of the Roman Empire B. The last Pharisee C. A Jewish historian D. A Jewish priest from Qumran |
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Term
True or false: The Talmud provides us with accurate data on the historical Jews. A. true B. false |
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Definition
True or false: The Talmud provides us with accurate data on the historical Jews. A. true B. false |
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Term
Definition of the criterion of contextual credibility: A. A tradition that does not coincide with what we know of first-century Palestinian Juudaism is probably not authentic B. A tradition that is independently attested by multiple sources is more likely authentic C. A tradition that is dissimilar to the agenda of early Christians is more likely to be authentic D. None of the above |
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Definition
Definition of the criterion of contextual credibility: A. A tradition that does not coincide with what we know of first-century Palestinian Juudaism is probably not authentic B. A tradition that is independently attested by multiple sources is more likely authentic C. A tradition that is dissimilar to the agenda of early Christians is more likely to be authentic D. None of the above |
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Term
Suetonius A. Was the first Roman to convert to Christianity B. Refers to an expulsion of Jews occurring during the reign of the emperor Claudius (41-54 CE) because of a certain instigator called "Chrestus" C. Provides us with a lot of information about the historical Jesus D. All of the above |
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Definition
Suetonius A. Was the first Roman to convert to Christianity B. Refers to an expulsion of Jews occurring during the reign of the emperor Claudius (41-54 CE) because of a certain instigator called "Chrestus" C. Provides us with a lot of information about the historical Jesus D. All of the above |
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Term
In the Roman Empire, slavery A. Was an accepted way of life B. Was clearly condemned by the writers of the New Testament C. Was racially motivated, much like slavery in 19th century America D. All of the above |
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Definition
In the Roman Empire, slavery A. Was an accepted way of life B. Was clearly condemned by the writers of the New Testament C. Was racially motivated, much like slavery in 19th century America D. All of the above |
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Term
Around the time of the Civil War, Christians in America A. Were collectively against slavery, since the New Testament categorically rejected this institution B. Were divided: some tried to condemn slavery while others supported it C. Were all racists, since the New Testament endorsed racial slavery D. Tried to become slaves, since Jesus had commanded his disciples to be his slaves |
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Definition
Around the time of the Civil War, Christians in America A. Were collectively against slavery, since the New Testament categorically rejected this institution B. Were divided: some tried to condemn slavery while others supported it C. Were all racists, since the New Testament endorsed racial slavery D. Tried to become slaves, since Jesus had commanded his disciples to be his slaves |
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Term
Margery Kemp A. Was the first woman to translate the Bible into English B. Believed that the passion of Jesus could not be relived by others, since Jesus' suffering was beyond imagination C. Tried to imitate Jesus' passion D. Was the wife of John Wycliffe |
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Definition
Margery Kemp A. Was the first woman to translate the Bible into English B. Believed that the passion of Jesus could not be relived by others, since Jesus' suffering was beyond imagination C. Tried to imitate Jesus' passion D. Was the wife of John Wycliffe |
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Term
Julian of Norwich A. Was a Roman Emperor who was anti-Christian B. Believed that Jesus' suffering was sufficient and that no one else needed to suffer C. Translated the Bible into English D. Believed that Jesus' passion should be relived by Christians |
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Definition
Julian of Norwich A. Was a Roman Emperor who was anti-Christian B. Believed that Jesus' suffering was sufficient and that no one else needed to suffer C. Translated the Bible into English D. Believed that Jesus' passion should be relived by Christians |
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Term
According to Prof. Muehlberger (the first guest lecturer), in the passion narratives of the Synoptic Gospels, A. Jesus' humanity and suffering are emphasized B. Jesus is described as someone in complete control of events C. Jesus is described as someone only appearing to suffer, but not experiencing any real pain D. Jesus is unable to experience pain, since he is the son of God |
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Definition
According to Prof. Muehlberger (the first guest lecturer), in the passion narratives of the Synoptic Gospels, A. Jesus' humanity and suffering are emphasized B. Jesus is described as someone in complete control of events C. Jesus is described as someone only appearing to suffer, but not experiencing any real pain D. Jesus is unable to experience pain, since he is the son of God |
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Term
According to Prof. Muehlberger (the first guest lecturer), the passion narrative in the Gospel of John emphasizes A. Jesus' control over events B. Jesus' despair in front of death C. Jesus' human nature D. Jesus' condemnation of crucifixion as a Roman instrument of terror |
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Definition
According to Prof. Muehlberger (the first guest lecturer), the passion narrative in the Gospel of John emphasizes A. Jesus' control over events B. Jesus' despair in front of death C. Jesus' human nature D. Jesus' condemnation of crucifixion as a Roman instrument of terror |
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Term
John Wycliffe A. Was an assistant of Pop Innocent III B. Tried to enforce the usage of Latin in Christian worship C. Translated the Bible into English D. Supported Margery Kemp and her pilgrimage to the Holy Land |
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Definition
John Wycliffe A. Was an assistant of Pop Innocent III B. Tried to enforce the usage of Latin in Christian worship C. Translated the Bible into English D. Supported Margery Kemp and her pilgrimage to the Holy Land |
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Term
Passages it couldn't hurt to know for Exam 2: - 1st Thessalonians 4:13-18 - 1st Corinthians 6:9-11 1:12-17 |
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Definition
Passages it couldn't hurt to know for Exam 2: - 1st Thessalonians 4:13-18 - 1st Corinthians 6:9-11 1:12-17 |
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