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Abx and etc..
drugs
109
Pharmacology
Graduate
04/05/2012

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Cards

Term
3 types of protozan infxns
Definition
ALT: amebiasis, leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis
Term
Luminal Amebicides indicated for ASYMPTOMATIC intestinal infection
Definition
-Diloxanide (B-CI during pregnancy) and Paramomycin
Term
SE of diloxanide and Paramomycin
Definition
farting, n/v/d
Term
Systemic Amebicides :
Definition
Chloroquinine and dehydroemitine
Term
DOC for C.Diff, trichomoniasis and giardiasis
Definition
Mixed Amebicide Metronidazole
Term
Dont use in 1st trimester, METALLIC taste, 50% relapse rate.
Definition
SE of metronidazole
Term
Acts like disulfiram
Definition
Metronidazole
Term
Ifxn that causes skin sore and affects the liver and spleen via sandflies (co-infxn with HIV common)
Definition
Leishmaniasis
Term
drug indicated for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis infxn
Definition
Sodium Stibogluconate
Term
inhibits glycolytic enzymes and FA oxidation
Definition
MOA of Sodium stibogluconate
Term
prolonged QT and renal dysfunction
Definition
SE of Sodium stibogluconate
Term
Best broad spectrum Anti-fungal and used for visceral leismaniasis (liposomal/lipid form$$$)
Definition
Amphotericin B
Term
SE of Amphotericin B
Definition
Nephrotoxicity
Term
Drug to tx cutaneous Leishmaniasis (IM), Pneumocystic PNA in pt with sulfa allergy or african sleeping sickness
Definition
Pentamidine
Term
inhibits oxidative phosphorylation... can cause pain at injection shot or hypotension/tachycardia if giving IV
Definition
Pentamidine MOA/SE
Term
Infxn causing chancre at bite site, fever, HA, rash
Definition
Trypanosomiasis
Term
American sleeping sickness and CHAGAS dz-->
Definition
T. cruzi
Term
African Sleeping Sickness caused by
Definition
T. Brucei
Term
Drug used to tx AFRICAN sleeping sickness that has a SE of a crawling sensation during admin.
Definition
Suramin
Term
Drug used to tx american sleeping sickness and DOC for chagas dz
Definition
Nifurtimox
Term
caused superoxide radical toxicity to parasite and host
Definition
MOA of Nufurtimox
Term
may cause delayed hypersensitivity, GI issues, neuro issues
Definition
Nifurtimox SE
Term
pregnancy SAFE drug used to tx helminth (worm) infxn by inhibiting cholinesterase (Inc ACH--> paralysis)
Definition
Pyrantal Pamoate (PP safe for Pregnancy)
Term
drug used to tx helminth infsxn with Caution warnings during 1st trimester, if pt has IBS or liver dz
Definition
Mebendazole
Term
may cause GI or crytalluria/hematuria is used long term
Definition
mebendazole SE
Term
Inhibits microtubule formation
Definition
MOA of mebendazole and albendazole
Term
broad spectrum anti-fungal NOT USED IN US
Definition
Albendazole
Term
may cause alopecia and rash if used long term
Definition
Albendazole SE
Term
anti-helminth drug that CANNOT be used in preggos, pt with renal or liver dz and may cause GI issues
Definition
Thiabendazole
Term
DOC for Filariasis
Definition
Diethylcarbamazine citrate
Term
may cause Mazzotti rxn (sev itching,, rash, tachy, HA)
Definition
Diethylcarbamazine citrate SE
Term
DOC for onchocerciasis and strongyloidiasis
Definition
Ivermectin
Term
May cause a mazzott LIKE rxn
Definition
Ivermectin SE
Term
DOC for most tapeworms
Definition
Praziquantel
Term
drug that tx tapeworm but should not be used with alcohol use
Definition
Niclosamide
Term
the only abx that DOES NOT induce resistance
Definition
Garlic
Term
mutations, transduction, transformation, conjugation
Definition
forms of abx resistance
Term
bacteriostatics blocking bacteriocidal agents
Definition
Antagonism
Term
use of 2 abx has BETTER effect than each drug alone
Definition
Synergism
Term
disadv to using combined microbials for broader range
Definition
kills intestinal flora, get superinfxn and fungal growth
Term
Abx preventing folic acid synthesis
Definition
sulfonimides
Term
prevent cell wall synthesis in actively growing bacteria
Definition
penicillin and cephalosporin
Term
DNA gyrase inhibitor
Definition
Quinolones
Term
30s- protein synthesis inhibitor
Definition
aminoglycosides and tetracyclin
Term
50s- protein synthesis inhibitor
Definition
chlormphenicol and erythromycin
Term
bacterioCIDAL abx
Definition
PAQC: penicillin, aminoglycosides, cephalosporin, quinolones
Term
bacterioSTATICS
Definition
TEC: tetracyclines, erythromycin, chloramphenicol
Term
IM admin given for G- infxn (binds 30S)
Definition
Spectinomycin
Term
long acting, broadspectrum, bacterioSTATIC, DOC for PNA
Definition
Tetracyclin
Term
may chelate bones and teeth or cause vestibular toxicity (N/V). dont give while baby's teeth are growing!!
Definition
tetracyclin SE
Term
last resort, broad spectrum, bacterioSTATIC used to treat a brain infxn
Definition
Chloramphenicol
Term
may cause GREY BABY SYNDROME (CI in newborns)
Definition
Chloramphenicol SE
Term
Used to tx G+ infn and can be combined with B-lactams or vanco
Definition
Clindamycin
Term
may cause Steven Johnson Syndrome
Definition
Clindamycin SE
Term
safe broad spectrum abx
Definition
erythromycin (macrolide)
Term
2 drugs that combined, tx G+ (LAST RESORT) and become synergistically bacterioCIDAL
Definition
dalfopristin and quinupristin
Term
to tx G+ infxn, ONLY IF SEVER inxn so you dont build resistance
Definition
Linezolid
Term
if you combine sulfonamide (S) and trimethromprim (S) they become
Definition
bacteriocidal!
Term
inhibitors of tetrahydrofolate synthesis used to tx UTIs and resp infxns
Definition
STT: sulfonamides trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole
Term
broad spectrum abx used to tx toxoplasmosis, IBD and conjunctivits. May cause stones and SJ syndrome
Definition
Sulfonamides (S)
Term
admin with folinic acid to prevent folate deficiency (MOA at difydrofolate reductase)
Definition
trimethoprim
Term
DOC- broadspectrum abx for UTI
Definition
co-trimoxazole
Term
broadspecrtrum abx used in emprical therapy (CI in preggos and young kids)
Definition
Quinolones (C) (cipro)
Term
best treatment for SJS
Definition
corticosteroids
Term
recipe for empirical therapy
Definition
1. macrolide, 2. Fluoroquinolone 3. beta lactam(if no allergy to penicillin)
Term
broadspectrum abx G->G+ given PO with a B-lactamase inhibitor (clavulonic acid & sublactam)
Definition
Semi-synthetic peni abx
Term
prophylactic semisynthetic broad band peni
Definition
ampicillin and amocxicillin
Term
abx used to tx pseudomonas aeruginosa
Definition
Carbenicillin and Ticarbicillin
Term
Abx given with Cilastatin
Definition
carbapenems
Term
abx used to tx serious G- infsn
Definition
monolactams
Term
this drug was last resort for severe G+ infxn and MOA: binds D-Ala-D-Ala
Definition
Vancomycin
Term
may cause redneck syndrom, be ototoxic or nephrotoxic
Definition
Vancomycin SE
Term
inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
Definition
penicillins and cephalosporins (bacterioCIDAL)
Term
pt with active TB should be tx'd with
Definition
Rifampin + isonazid
Term
topical ointment used to tx G+ inxn by affecting cell wall peptidoglycan syntehsis but is TOXIC
Definition
bacitracin
Term
strongest activator of P450, TB drug. MOA is inhibiting DNA derived RNA polymerase
Definition
Rifampin
Term
may cause red colored urine, feces, tears, sweat but is safe
Definition
Rifampin
Term
1st line TB drug always given in COMBO tx that inhibits mycolic acid from binding proteoglycans
Definition
Isonazid
Term
1st line TB drug that may cause green&red optic neuritis
Definition
Term
95% effective tx for TB
Definition
REI- rifampin, ethambutol and isonazid
Term
2nd line TB drugs
Definition
CASE: cycloserine, aminosalicyclic acid, squalamine, ethionamide
Term
2nd line TB tx CI in pt with ulcers or G6P deficiency
Definition
Aminosalicylic acid
Term
Anti malaria drug that is prophylactic and targets the liver
Definition
primaquine
Term
prophylactic anti malaria drug with long duration. kills plasmodium in the RBC
Definition
Chloroquine (CI in G6P-deh deficiency)
Term
cheapest anti-malaria drug that is used in combo with sulfonamide and targets the RBC
Definition
Pyrimethamine
Term
anti malaria drug that ONLY AFFECTS RBC stage
Definition
MAT: mefloquine, artemisinin (best) and tetrandrine
Term
anti fungals target this in growing cells
Definition
ergosterol
Term
alternative anti-fungals
Definition
garlic, oregano and lavender
Term
best anti-fungal for a severe systemic fungal infxn. bacteriocidal. causes nephrotoxicity
Definition
Amphotericin B
Term
Topical antifungal ampho-like.
Definition
Nystatin
Term
anti-fungal that is synergistic with amphoB (a prodrug) used to tx sever fungal infxn
Definition
flucytosine
Term
also an AntiCA drug, may cause BM depression, hair loss and liver abn
Definition
flucytosine
Term
Topical drug, Antagonistic with AmphoB and inhibits fungal P450
Definition
Imidazoles
Term
anti-fungal that crosses BBB, used to tx cryptoccal meningitis in AIDS pts
Definition
Triazoles
Term
oral anti-fungal given for nail/hair infxn
Definition
Griseofulvin
Term
drug used to treat PROPHYLACTIC influenza A and parkinson's Dz
Definition
Amantadine
Term
may cause epilepsy and neuro probs (in an OD)
Definition
Amantidine
Term
Amantadine analog used to tx Infuenza A and has less SE
Definition
Rimantidine
Term
drug used to tx hemorrhagic fever w/i 10 days of onset, herpes, Hep, HIV etc but may cause hemolytic anemia
Definition
Ribavirin
Term
Anti-viral given in HepB, Kaposi's sarcoma, NADPH oxidase def, to prevent Rhinovirus. May cause flu like sxs and neutropenia
Definition
Interferon
Term
AIDS tx prodrug that is synergistic with anti-virals
Definition
zidovudine (AZT)
Term
protease inhibitors what MUST be used in combo with protease inhibitors to prevent resistance.
Definition
SIR: squinavir, indinavir, ritonavir
Term
A combo of tetracyclin(s) + vancomycin(c)
Definition
antagonism
Term
A combo of amoxicillin and gentamycin
Definition
synergism
Term
griseofulvin and ketoconazole
Definition
fungistatic
Term
amphotericin B
Definition
fungicidal
Term
flucytosine + amphotericin B
cephalosporin + norfloxacin
Definition
synergistic combos
Term
28 yo M dxd with HIV- best drug combo
Definition
AZT + 3 protease inh + acyclovir
Term
21 yo F with non-drug resistant TB. what is teh best short term tx combo
Definition
isoniazid+ rifampin + ethambutol
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