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| Catholic, Holy roman Emperor, divided his empire because he had so much land when he retired. Divided between his brother Ferdinand who got Austria and the Holy Roman Empire and gave his son Phillip II Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and American colonies |
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| Paintings showed pride of Spanish monarchy. Best known for portraits of royal family. |
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| Ruler of France after Henry’s death, son Louis XIII ruling was weak. Lead Catholic Church, wanted to increase power of bourbon monarchy, planned to do by weakening the nobles’ power and move against Huguenots. Wanted to make France the strongest in Europe, believed the greatest obstacle was the Hapsburg rulers. Limit Hapsburg power involved France in the thirty years war. |
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| Made the church of England and the first Tudor king |
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| Son of Charles V, inherited Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and American colonies. Took Portuguese kingdom. Launched Spanish Armada in attempt to punish Protestant England and ended up losing. Spain was wealthy but because of wars he had to state as bankrupt and raised taxes |
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| Wrote don Quixote about a poor Spanish noblemen who went crazy after reading too many books about heroic knights. People thought Cervantes was making fun of chivalry |
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| True ruler of France, was Richelieu’s successor, Cardinal Mazarin. Greatest triumph 1648 with the end of the Thirty years war. Hated because increased tax and strengthened central government, riots tore France apart. Nobles rebellion failed so they distrusted one another and Mazarin. |
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| English dynasty descended from Henry Tudor; Tudor monarchs ruled from Henry VII to Elizabeth I (from 1485 to 1603) of or relating to a style of architecture in 15th century |
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| AKA habsburg. Charles V inherited Spain as a Hapsburg king. Ruled Spain, Austria, and the Netherlands. a German princely family, prominent since the 13th century, that has furnished sovereigns to the Holy Roman Empire, Austria, Spain, etc. |
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| First king of Bourbon. Catholics opposed him. He gave up Protestantism. Religious toleration (protestants/ hugenots). Hated for his religious compromises and the declaration of religious toleration was in the Edict of Nantes |
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| Most powerful french ruler. "I am the state". AKA the sun king. During riots, king was often threatened so he wanted to become so strong. Mazarin died Louis took over and weakened the power of nobles by excluding them from his councils. Increased the power of the government agents, called intendants who taxed and administered justice. Minister of finance, Colbert. Cancelled the Edict of Nantes, many Huguenots fled the country, robbing France of skilled workers. No Colbert=Louis spent much money to surround himself with luxury. Built Versailles. Main purpose of the arts wasn’t to worship god or to glorify human potential but to glorify the king and promote values that supported Louis absolute rule. France left in ruins after wars. Palace left France on debt. |
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| The Stuart dynasty reigned in England and Scotland from 1603 to 1714 |
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| Paintings showed deep catholic faith, painted saints and martyrs that had a supernatural air. |
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| Dynasty in France led by Henry IV |
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| Louis XIV’s minister of finance. Believed in mercantilism. Wanted to prevent wealth from leaving the country by having everything manufactured in France so no imports. Gave funds and tax benefits to French companies and placed a high tariff on goods. |
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| King of England because Elizabeth had no child. Her cousin. Was ruler of Scotland, countries were not united but had same ruler. Struggles were the ones with Parliament about money. Offended the Puritan members of the Parliament. Translated the bible, famous King James version. KING JAMES BIBLE. Dissolved Parliament and imposed his own taxes. Fought with the Puritans, were seeking to purify the Church of England. |
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| Brother of Charles II, violated English law by being catholic, Parliament protested so he dissolved it. Parliament feared a return to Catholic dominance, asked James’ daughter and son-in-law, William and Mary, to take the throne. They arrived from France James II fled, bloodless transfer of power, known as the Glorious Revolution. reinstated absolutist policies. |
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| Nephew of Ivan the Terrible’s wife and thus began the Romanov dynasty which ruled Russia for 300 years |
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| Tried to preserve royal authority but growing conflicts between Catholics and Huguenots |
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| Restored monarchy, Parliament passed habeas corpus. Asked to take the throne after several years of Puritan rule. He reopened theatres, dancing, and music. Obeyed Parliament, limited monarchy, limited power. Stuart restorations. Converted to Catholicism on his death bed. |
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| Shared the throne with his half brother, became the sole ruler of Russia. Known as the great b/c was the greatest reformer. Made St. Petersburg the capital, westernization, education, modern army, new industries, extended border, reduced power of nobility, water ports, and became ruler of the Russian Orthodox Church |
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| General of Puritans. New army began defeating the Cavaliers and won the English Civil War. Brought Charles to trial for treason against Parliament, was found guilty and was sentenced to death. First king ever to be tried and executed Abolished monarchy and the House of Lords, established commonwealth, republican form of government. Military dictator. Favored religious toleration for all Christians but Catholics. |
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| Son of James I, called parliament again, had to sign a document called the Petition of Right: would not imprison subjects without due cause, would not levy taxes without Parliament’s consent, would not house soldiers in private homes, would not impose martial law in peacetime. He dissolved Parliament and had to call them back because he needed the money. Led to the English Civil War. Put on trial and beheaded by Parliament in 1649. MARRIED CATHOLIC |
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| Daughter of Henry VIII, Protestant, went against Spain in the Spanish Armada. Had many conflicts with Parliament most over money b/c did not have enough funds to pay her expenses. Dies it left England in debt for her successor. |
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| Was the daughter of James II, married William of Orange, prince of the Netherlands. Protestant, members of Parliament invited them to overthrow James for the sake of Protestantism. William led his army into France and James fled leaving a bloodless overthrow. |
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| A king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society |
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| Followers of John Calvin and Calvinism, believed in predestination |
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| The idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable to God. |
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| Followed teachings of Martin Luther, didn’t like indulgences |
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| Attempt to go against Elizabeth I and Protestant England. Launched by Phillip II and Spain ended up losing |
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| French government official appointed by the monarch to collect taxes and administer justice |
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| Catholic/Roman Catholic Church |
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| Believe in God, follows Pope |
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| Catholic/Roman Catholic Church |
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| Believe in God, follows Pope |
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| A distribution and opposition of forces among nations such that no single nation is strong enough to assert its will or dominate all the others. |
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| An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France |
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| (French pronunciation: [fʁɔ̃d]) was a series of civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which had begun in 1635. |
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| Sign a document called the Petition of Right: would not imprison subjects without due cause, would not levy taxes without Parliament’s consent, would not house soldiers in private homes, would not impose martial law in peacetime |
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| The highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. |
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| Cavaliers called the Puritans this name because men wore their hair short over their ears. Fought the Cavaliers in the English civil war |
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| Established by Cromwell and is a republican form of government |
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| Make clear limits of royal power: ruler could not be catholic or be married to a catholic, no suspending of Parliament’s laws, no levying of taxes without a specific grant of Parliament, no interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament, no penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances. (King must work with Parliament, House of Commons has financial control-taxes and spending: power of the purse, abolished excessive fines and cruel unusual punishment, affirmed habeas corpus). Made in 1689. a set of acts passed by Parliament to ensure its superiority over the monarchy. HAPPENED AFTER THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION |
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| Make clear limits of royal power: ruler could not be catholic or be married to a catholic, no suspending of Parliament’s laws, no levying of taxes without a specific grant of Parliament, no interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament, no penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances. (King must work with Parliament, House of Commons has financial control-taxes and spending: power of the purse, abolished excessive fines and cruel unusual punishment, affirmed habeas corpus). Made in 1689. a set of acts passed by Parliament to ensure its superiority over the monarchy. HAPPENED AFTER THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION |
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| Louis XIV called him the Sun King to show he was the center of attention like the sun is the center of the solar system and everything revolves around the sun. |
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| Louis XIV called him the Sun King to show he was the center of attention like the sun is the center of the solar system and everything revolves around the sun. |
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| War of Spanish Succession |
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| A conflict lasting from 1701 to 1713, in which a number of European states fought to prevent the Bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France |
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| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
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| 1572, in paris sparked a 6 week nationwide slaughter of Huguenots and occurred when many Huguenot nobles were in Paris attending the marriage of Catherine’s daughter to a Huguenot prince, Henry of Navarre. Most nobles died but Henry survived |
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| Followers of John Calvin and Calvinism. Edict of Nantes was made to protect them and after Louis canceled it many fled France |
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| 1598 declaration in which the French king Henry IV promised that Protestants could live in peace in France and could set up houses of worship in some French cities |
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| A government in which a legislative body limits the monarch’s powers. |
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| Supporters of the government and found general Oliver Cromwell |
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| An economic policy under nations sought to increase their wealth ad power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought |
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| Said by Louis XIV and means I am the state |
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| Said by Louis XIV and means I am the state |
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| Built by Louis XIV and made nobles live in it because it increased royal authority in 2 ways. One because it made the nobility totally dependent on Louis and it also took them from their homes, thereby giving more power to the intendants. |
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| A document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal |
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| Those who remained loyal to Charles, also known as Royalists. Fought the roundheads in the English civil war |
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