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Abornormal Psychology Exam #1
For class
152
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
10/10/2011

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Term
Trephination
Definition
Cutting 2 large holes in skull, prehistoric.. when victim suffers hallucination..
Term
Humors
Definition
Different fluids in body; greek/roman
Term
Lycanthropy
Definition
Werewolves; middle age
Term
Tartanism
Definition
Convulsions; middle ages
Term
Abnormal psychology
Definition
study of describing, predicting and explaining abnormal behavior
Term
Norms
Definition
stated/unstated proper conduct
Term
Culture
Definition
Peoples history, belief, habits, skills, art, technology, values
Term
Asylum
Definition
institution, 16th century
Term
Moral Treatment
Definition
in 19th century asylums
Term
State hospitals
Definition
State run institutions
Term
Krafft-Ebing
Definition
Syphallis
Term
Somatogenic Perspective
Definition
The view that psychology has physical roots
Term
Psychogenic perspective
Definition
physical abnormality is caused by psychology
Term
psychotropic medications
Definition
drugs that lessen the symptoms of dysfunctioning mentally
Term
Private psychotherapy
Definition
one - on - one, paid directly
Term
Prevention
Definition
preventing psychological dysfunction before it begins
Term
Multicultural Psychology
Definition
examines an individuals on a cultural, gender, racial. ethnicity, and thoughts to see how the factors influence behavior
Term
Managed care program
Definition
insurance controls medical and/or psychological services
Term
Nomothetic understanding
Definition
general understanding on what causes treats, and overall form of abnormal psychology
Term
Case study
Definition
one person study
Term
Internal validity
Definition
when scientist can pinpoint a possible cause to a phenom
Term
External validity
Definition
How accurate is the study into explaining the behavior or the general population
Term
Correlation
Definition
How closely two characteristics are related.
Term
experiment
Definition
one variable manupulated and observed
Term
independent variable
Definition
variable manipulated
Term
dependent variable
Definition
changes as manupulation occurs in the independent variable.
Term
confound
Definition
other variable the affects the dependent variable
Term
control group
Definition
participants that are not exposed to manipulation
Term
random assignment
Definition
in an experiment, people randomly assigned into groups
Term
blind design
Definition
people don't know if they are the control or experiment
Term
double-blind design
Definition
experimentor nor experimented knows control or treatment
Term
quasi-experiment
Definition
when experimentors use groups are already made in the world
Term
natural experiment
Definition
where scientist just observe while nature creates variables
Term
analogue experiment
Definition
Where researcher creates abnormal behavior in which the researcher conducts an experiment
Term
single-subject experimental design
Definition
single person observed before and after manipulation
Term
Antipsychotic drugs
Definition
help hallucinations, confusion, and delusions
Term
Electoconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Definition
electric currents passed in the patients head until seizure is induced
Term
Id
Definition
Animal drive
Term
Ego
Definition
enforces reason
Term
superego
Definition
values and ideals
Term
fixation
Definition
id, ego. superego do not mature properly
Term
ego theory
Definition
emphasizes ego, independent force
Term
self theory
Definition
emphasis on personality
Term
object relations theory
Definition
the center of human behavior is relationships
Term
free association
Definition
patient rambles about anything on mind
Term
Resistance
Definition
unconscious refusal to participate in therapy
Term
transferance
Definition
redirection of feelings associated with important figures.
Term
Catharsis
Definition
Reliving past feelings to overcome them
Term
working through
Definition
reinterpret ones feelings and overcoming the problems
Term
Relational psychoanalytic therapy
Definition
where the therapists relates own experiences with the patient and shares
Term
Relational psychoanalytic therapy
Definition
where the therapists relates own experiences with the patient and shares
Term
self-efficacy
Definition
where one believe in themselves to master what is necessary
Term
cognitive-behavioral therapies
Definition
change counterproductive behaviors and thinking
Term
cognitive therapy
Definition
Aaron Beck; people to recognize faulty thinking
Term
self-actualization
Definition
people fulfilling their potential good and growth
Term
client-center therapy
Definition
carl rogers helping clients with acceptance, empathy
Term
Gestalt Therapy
Definition
Fritz Perls, role playing self discovery, in order to help a patients discovery of self-actualization and self-acceptance
Term
existential therapy
Definition
helps patients have responsibility and to live with greater meaning and value
Term
family system theory
Definition
the family is a system that has patterns and unstated rules
Term
group therapy
Definition
where people with similar problems join together and talk about their problems
Term
self-help group
Definition
group that help and support under a clinician
Term
self-help group
Definition
group that help and support under a clinician
Term
family therapy
Definition
when a therapist meets with the whole family and helps
Term
Multicultural perspective
Definition
each cultural within a society had special pressures
Term
culture-sensitive therapies
Definition
addresses unique problems of minority groups
Term
gender-sensitive therapy
Definition
geared toward with being a women pressures of society
Term
biopsychosocial theories
Definition
social, emotional, biological all mix that effects psychology
Term
Standardization
Definition
when a large group of people are tested and a norm is established
Term
relibility
Definition
consistency
Term
validity
Definition
accuracy of results, if test actually measures what it's supposed to.
Term
Mental status exam
Definition
tests that reveal a patients abnormal functioning
Term
test
Definition
a device that gathers information
Term
projective test
Definition
a test that is vague and ambiguous that people interpret
Term
Personality inventory
Definition
test that measures characteristics of a person's personality such as behavior, beliefs, feelings
Term
Response inventories
Definition
Tests that measure repsonses in function as an affect, social skills, cognitive
Term
psychophysiological test
Definition
measures physical, such as heart rate, as possible psychological stress/problems
Term
neurological test
Definition
measures or observes brain activity/structure
Term
neuroimaging techniques
Definition
CT, PET, MRI
Term
Neuropsychological test
Definition
finds brain impairment by measuring motor, cognitive and perceptual performance
Term
intelligence test
Definition
measure a person's intellect
Term
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Definition
score derived from intelligence tests
Term
diagnosis
Definition
when a persons problems fit the description of a disorder
Term
Syndrome
Definition
a cluster of particular symptoms that occur together
Term
classification system
Definition
list of disorders and their symptoms to make a diagnosis
Term
rapproachment movement
Definition
effort to identify common therapies that are effective
Term
psychopharmacologist
Definition
a psychiatrist who mainly prescribes medication
Term
fear
Definition
CNS (fight flight)
Term
anxiety
Definition
CNS (response to vague threat) emotional
Term
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Definition
persistent worry/anxiety
Term
basic irrational assumptions
Definition
Albert Ellis; inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs of people with psychological problems
Term
family pedigree study
Definition
how many have a type of disorder in your family
Term
Benzodiazepines
Definition
antianxiety, xanax, valium
Term
GABA
Definition
low activity linked to GAD
Term
sedative-hypnotic drugs
Definition
low dose, help calm, high dose help sleep
Term
relaxation training
Definition
treatment that trains the patient to relax in stress inducing situations
Term
biofeedback
Definition
where client is informed of the physical reactions in body and control them
Term
electromyograph (EMG)
Definition
shows muscular tension
Term
phobia
Definition
persistent, unreasonable fear due to object or activity
Term
specific phobia
Definition
fear of a specific object or situation
Term
social phobia
Definition
severe and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur
Term
preparedness
Definition
predisposition to develop specific fears
Term
fear hierarchy
Definition
creating a list of fear greatest to lowest
Term
flooding
Definition
repeated and intense exposure to object/situation until it is view as harmless
Term
social skills training
Definition
therapy that helps people improve socializing skills, through role playing
Term
panic attacks
Definition
anxiety marked by unpredictable panic attacks
Term
panic attacks
Definition
short bouts of panic that peak within minutes and pass
Term
agoraphobia
Definition
a person is afraid to be in situations that would be difficult to escape
Term
norepinephrine
Definition
neurotransmitter linked with panic and depression
Term
locus ceruleus
Definition
small area link with regulation of emotions
Term
amygdala
Definition
small pea shaped, processes emotion
Term
biological challenge test
Definition
used to produce panic attack, such as running on a treadmill, in presence of a therapist
Term
anxiety sensitivity
Definition
tendency to view one's body changes/sensation as harmful
Term
obsession
Definition
persistent though, idea, impulse that is experience repeatedly, and causes anxiety
Term
compulsion
Definition
a behavior that one performs to get rid of or reduce anxiety
Term
OCD
Definition
reoccurant unwanted thoughts, need to perform actions or both
Term
isolation
Definition
an ego defense which one disowns their own thoughts which are undesirable and looking at them as intrusions
Term
isolation
Definition
an ego defense which one disowns their own thoughts which are undesirable and looking at them as intrusions
Term
undoing
Definition
ego defense, unconsciously cancels an unacceptable act by performing another one
Term
reaction formation
Definition
ego defense, takes a lifestyle that is complete opposite of the unacceptable desire they have
Term
exposure and response prevention
Definition
behavioral treatment for OCD that exposes patient to anxiety but prevents them from doing their rituals
Term
neutralizing
Definition
persons attempt to get rid of unwanted thoughts by making up for unacceptable thoughts
Term
habituation training
Definition
therapy where therapists tries to trigger a patients ocd thoughts, until the thoughts are gone and no longer cause anxiety
Term
neuromodular
Definition
neurotransmitter which regulates the effect of other neurotransmitters
Term
neuromodular
Definition
neurotransmitter which regulates the effect of other neurotransmitters
Term
orbitofrontal cortex
Definition
region which controls excretion, sex, violence and primitive thoughts
Term
caudate nuclei
Definition
structures in brain within the basal ganglia that convert sensory info into thoughts/actions
Term
stress management program
Definition
an approach to treating anxiety and teaches the clients techniques to reduce and control anxiety
Term
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Definition
nerve network that controls organs of body
Term
endocrine system
Definition
system of glands throughout body that control sex and growth
Term
SNS
Definition
controls arousal and fear (stress)
Term
parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
slow organ function (relaxed)
Term
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway
Definition
route for arousal and fear
Term
corticosteroids
Definition
released hormones during stress by adrenal glands
Term
acute stress disorder
Definition
anxiety disorder where fear lingers for less than a month after trauma
Term
PTSD
Definition
fear and anxiety is persistent long after trauma
Term
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
Definition
behavioral exposure where clients move their eyes in a rhythm (saccadic) manner, side to sidem while flooding them with images related to trauma
Term
rap group
Definition
where a supportive atmosphere is given and members talk and explore problems
Term
psychological debriefing
Definition
form of crisis intervention where victims are helped to talk about feelings and reactions to trauma
Term
psychophysiological disorder
Definition
illness that results from psychosocial and organic factors
Term
muscle contraction headache
Definition
headache cause by contraction of muscules connected to the skull
Term
migraine headache
Definition
a severe headache that is on one side sometimes causes dizzy, nausea, vomit
Term
hypertension
Definition
chronic high blood pressure
Term
asthma
Definition
narrowing of treachea
Term
ulcer
Definition
lesion on wall of stomaches duodenum
Term
coronary heart diesease
Definition
caused by block in coronary arteries
Term
Type A
Definition
Competitive, ambition, hostile, impatient
Term
Type B
Definition
Less aggressive, less concerned about time
Term
psychoneuroimmunology
Definition
connection between stress, illness and immune system
Term
antigen
Definition
foreign, cold, virus, bacteria
Term
lymphocytes
Definition
white blood cells, fight antigens
Term
immune system
Definition
network that destroys antigens
Term
self-instruction training
Definition
cognitive treatment teaches clients to cope at times of stress and discomfort
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