Term
| *Universal Serial Bus (USB) |
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Definition
Transfer Rates:
USB 1 = 12 MBps
USB 2 = 480 MBps
USB 3 = 5 GBps |
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Term
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Definition
Apple trademark for the IEEE 1394 standard
enabled 63 external daisy chains
50-400MBps transfer speed
There is also FireWire 800 (800MBps transfer rate)
replaces SCSI
DO NOT CONFUSE WITH IEEE 1284: deals with bidirectional comm over the parallel port. |
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Term
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Definition
Twisted pair cabling type
UTP cable designed with data networking in mind. similar in design to all newer categories, but some electrical characteristics are unique to each.
Carries 10MBps ethernet data. |
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Term
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Definition
Twisted pair cabling type
UTP designed to carry 16MBps token ring data |
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Term
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Definition
Twisted pair cabling type
designed to carry 100MBps ethernet data.
meets req's for 1000Base-T.
enhanced version of the cable that better meets the standards of 1000Base-T by reducing crosstalk. |
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Term
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Definition
- know the difference between serial and parallel communication
- know the difference between USB and IEEE 1394 (FireWire)
- General understanding as to why different cables and connectors are used in your system |
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Term
RS-232 is a term associated with which type of port?
- Serial
- Parallel
- SCSI
- Game |
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Definition
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Term
How is serial data moved?
- Across multiple cables at the same time
- As a sequential stream of data
- using a bidirectional information algorithm
- using multi-clock sequencing |
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Definition
| As a sequential stream of data |
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Term
CAT5 cables are defined by which of the following?
- number of pairs of wires
- Length of the cable segment
- Type of shielding that is used
- Number of twists per foot in each pair of wires |
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Definition
| Number of twists per foot in each pair of wires. |
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Term
*Keyboard Connectors:
DIN-5 connector |
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Definition
aka AT connector
used on older systems
DIN connectors are large and round |
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Term
*Keyboard Connectors:
PS/2 connector |
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Definition
aka mini-DIN 6
most popular connector found on computers in the past. now replaced by USB. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects to the system via USB |
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Term
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Definition
modem commands that are called by software to perform comm.
only need for troubleshooting why a computer is not dialing up
List:
ATDT
- Dial a number using touch-tone dialing
ATDP
- dial a number using pulse or rotary dialing
ATA
- Instruct modem to answer
ATH
-Instruct modem to hang up
ATL
- Set the speaker loudness
ATZ
- Reset the modem to the default settings
Hints to help remember:
1. each command starts with an AT prefix
2. A character for settings, D (dial), A (answer), H (hang up), L (loudness), Z (default settings)
3. two types of dial tones, 'T'ouch-tone and 'P'ulse |
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Term
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Definition
- Keyboards usually connect to the system with a PS/2 or USB
- Older keyboards use DIN-5 to connect to motherboard
- Most mice connect via PS/2 or USB
- Serial mice aren't common anymore but connect via serial port
- modems convert digital signals to analog and vice versa over an analog line
- Know that when you install hardware in the system that the hardware uses system resources such as an IRQ, I/O address, and possible a DMA channel. Also, know that those resources are assigned through PnP (plug-and-play), which means the OS detects the hardware and assigns these resources automatically |
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Term
Which two formats do serial ports come in?
1. 9-pin
2. 15-pin
3. 20-pin
4. 25-pin |
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Definition
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Term
Which two types of interfaces are typically used to connect a network card to the system?
1. Parallel
2. USB
3. PCI
4. Serial |
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Definition
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Term
*Video Standards:
Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) |
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Definition
displays data in text with a single color.
obsolete, but an old server might still utilize it |
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Term
*Video Standards:
Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) |
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Definition
Step above MDA. supports 4 colors in a 320 x 200 resolution and only 2 colors in 640 x 200 resolution.
First to support color |
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Term
*Video Standards:
Enhanced Graphic Adapter (EGA) |
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Definition
| supports 16 colors at 640 x 350 resolution |
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Term
*Video Standards:
Video Graphics Array (VGA) |
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Definition
| resolution of 640 x 480 with 16 colors, but also supports 256 colors at lower resolutions |
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Term
*Video Standards:
Extended Graphics Array (XGA) |
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Definition
Resolution 800 x 600; 65,536 colors
Resolution 1024 x 768; 256 colors
spin-offs include: Wide XGA, XGA+, and Wide XGA+ |
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Term
*Video Standards:
Super VGA (SVGA) |
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Definition
| resolution 1280 x 1024; 16million colors |
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Term
*Video Standards:
Super VGA+ |
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Definition
Standard for LCD displays on laptop computers
Resolution 1400 x 1050
Widescreen (WSXGA+), 1680 x 1050 |
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Term
*Video Standards:
Ultra XGA |
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Definition
| 1600 x 1200; 20-in or 21-in LCD display standard |
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Term
*Video Standards:
Widescreen Ultra Extended Graphics Array (WUXGA) |
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Definition
| 1920 x 1200; standard with widescreen LCD tvs and monitors |
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Term
*Display Features:
Refresh Rate |
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Definition
| how frequently a display redraws the screen. increasing the refresh rate can reduce flicker on the screen that strains our eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| way to measure amount of light from display. |
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Term
*Display Features:
Contrast Ratio |
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Definition
value measuring brightness of different colors.
Larger ratios = better picture quality on display |
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Term
*Display Features:
Native Resolution |
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Definition
| Actual resolution of the monitor. |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
VGA mode |
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Definition
if you loaded an inappropriate driver for a display it's possible that the system will crash.
restart the system and choose F8 upon start up. this displays Windows Advanced Startup Menu.
Choose VGA mode
- ensures that the video driver is not loaded so you can remove the driver through device manager |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
no image on the screen |
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Definition
ensure power is connected and is on and connected to comp
if using a projector, use the function keys to toggle screen output to projector |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
Overheat shutdown |
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Definition
| Clean the device, focusing on cleaning the dust away from air vents and fans |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
Dead Pixel |
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Definition
| use diagnostic programs such as UDPixel from udpix.free.fr to help detect and fix problems related to pixel display |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
Artifacts |
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Definition
Abnormalities in the display of information on the screen.
results from a hardware problem or driver issue |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
Color patterns incorrect |
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Definition
check your color-correction settings, brightness or contrast.
could also occur if the monitor is not connected properly |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
Dim image |
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Definition
check brightness settings in either display driver options or power settings.
check that monitor is connected properly |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
Flickering Image |
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Definition
caused by a weak connection.
Disconnect and reconnect cable |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
Distorted image |
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Definition
Video driver or bad video card.
try to replace the driver first. If no-go, replace video card |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
discoloration (degaussing) |
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Definition
old CRT monitors could experience discoloration due to EMF (external magnetic fields).
use a degausser to reduce the magnetic field and remove the discoloration |
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Term
*Troubleshooting display issues:
BSOD |
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Definition
may happen when the wrong video driver has been loaded or driver has gone corrupt.
if experiencing regular BSOD, while restarting the system, choose F8. Select VGA mode from Advanced Startup Menu. Once loaded, remove the corrupt driver through the device manager. |
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Term
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Definition
Standard serial connection that sends data one bit at a time.
utilizes the serial port on a computer, (mostly modems) |
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Term
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Definition
- The video card converts digital data from the computer into analog data that is used by older monitors to create the display
- VGA supports 16 colors at a resolution of 640 x 480
- Super VA supports 16 million colors at 1280 x 1024
- AGP cards were once a popular form for video cards
- PCIe cards are the popular form for video cards today, and sound cards are implemented as PCI cards
- CRT monitors use an electron gun to stimulate the phosphor-covered screen to make it glow. |
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Term
Sound cards are connected to the system using which of the following?
(choose 2)
1. AGP
2. ISA
3. PCI
4. USB |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.Charging the print drum(conditioning)
- primary corona wire applies -600V
2. Exposing the drum (writing)
- Laser draws image on the drum
3. Developing the image (developing)
-Toner fills in -100v areas and is ready for transfer
4. Transferring the image (transfer)
- Transfer corona wire applied +600V to the paper
5. Fusing
- melts toner onto paper
6. Cleaning Photo drum with cleaning blade
- removes excess toner |
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Term
| *Dot Matrix printers troubleshoot |
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Definition
-Faint printing: the print ribbon needs replacing
- No printing: print head cable might be disconnected or torn through the ribbon. Connect print head or replace ribbon.
- Paper jamming: make sure paper is correct size
- Line across page: pin in print head is stuck out. Loosen stuck pin or get new print head |
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Term
| *Inkjet Printer troubleshoot |
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Definition
-Paper jam: feeder wheels might be dirty or you have incorrect paper size
- Poor print quality: ink needs replacing or wrong type of paper.
- Fading/Ghosted print: change ink cartridge |
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Term
| *Laser Printer Troubleshoot |
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Definition
- White stripes: transfer corona wire needs replacing
- Blank page: something is wrong with corona wires or out of toner
- Vertical line: scratch in print drum. replace toner cartridge. If still a line, laser is the problem
- Toner not fused to paper: toner smears off paper. something wrong with fuser rollers. replace fuser rollers.
- Out of memory: add more memory to printer or send smaller print jobs or lower quality images |
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Term
| *Preventative maintenance for printers |
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Definition
1. turn off and unplug
2. clean outside with lint-free cloth and some isopropyl alcohol
3. remove paper tray and paper and clean/dust.
4. remove toner
5. clean inside of printer and rollers
6. put back together and test print |
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Term
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Definition
- Laser printers use light, electromagnetism, and heat to create a printout
- Inkjet printers use a heating element to vaporize ink and spray it through a pinhole to make characters on a page
- Dot matrix printers use solenoids to strike a ribbon, creating characters from patterns of printed dots
- You may use a parallel connection, USB, or network connection to send print jobs. USB is popular for home and small office.
- 6 phases to the laser printing process are charging (conditioning), writing, developing, transferring, fusing, and cleaning.
- you may install a printer in Windows via Add Printer wizard. you can then configure settings. |
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Term
What two types of feeder mechanisms are used in printers?
1. Continuous tractor feed
2. Continuous form feed
3. Friction feed
4. injected |
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Definition
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Term
Which 2 devices use friction feeder mechanisms?
1. Laser printer
2. Fax machine
3. Dot matrix printer |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- a flatbed scanner is most popular and uses technology called charge-coupled device (CCD).
- popular connectors for scanners and cameras are USB
- Digital cameras quality is measured in megapixels.
- Codecs compress videos so they don't take up too much space. Computer must have same codec installed to watch video
- Make sure microphone is set as a recording device so it can pick up sound |
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Term
| Best battery for laptop computers |
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Definition
Li-Ion battery.
- provides the most durability and performance.
- more expensive though |
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Term
| 'Standby mode,' 'sleep,' and 'suspend' are interchangeable terms on the test |
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Definition
| 'Standby mode,' 'sleep,' and 'suspend' are interchangeable terms on the test |
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Term
| *Most popular keyboard found on desktops and laptop computers today |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sends data over radio frequencies at approx 1MBps and a max distance of 10 meters or approx 11 yards (10.93) |
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Term
*Personal Computer Memory cary Industry Association (PCMCIA):
Type I card |
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Definition
3.3mm thick, single row of sockets.
- used to add memory
original reason for the expansion architecture |
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Term
*Personal Computer Memory cary Industry Association (PCMCIA):
Type II card |
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Definition
5.5mm thick. 2 rows of sockets.
- usually network cards and modems |
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Term
*Personal Computer Memory cary Industry Association (PCMCIA):
Type III card |
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Definition
10.5mm thick. 3 rows of sockets
- hard disk drives |
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Term
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Definition
- Battery in laptops are charged by AC adapter
- 2 types of LCDs in laptops are 'active matrix' and 'passive matrix'
- laptops use SODIMM cards for memory
- PCMCIA are used to expand laptops capabilities:
= Type 1 cards: add memory in past
= Type 2 cards: network cards
= Type 3 cards: removable storage
- not all devices have field-serviceable components |
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Term
Which video display solution is not used on laptops?
1. LED
2. LCD
3. Plasma
4. OLED |
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Definition
| Plasma - due to size and weight |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Each pixel is supported by its own transistor
- Images are easy to view from angles |
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