Term
| What are the 3 divisions of mood disorders? |
|
Definition
1. Mood Episodes
2. Depressive Disorders
3. Bipolar Disorders |
|
|
Term
| What are common features of the somatoform disorders? |
|
Definition
| presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition and are not fully explained by a general medical condition, direct effects of a substance or by another mental disorder |
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 Somatoform Disorders? |
|
Definition
1. Somatization
2. Undifferentiated Somatoform
3.Conversion Disorder
4.Pain Disorder
5.Hypochondriasis
6.Body Dismorphic Disorder
7. Somatoform NOS |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of Mood Episodes? |
|
Definition
1.Major Depressive Ep
2.Manic Ep
3.Mixed Ep
4.Hypomanic Ep |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of Depressive Disorders? |
|
Definition
1.Major Depressive Disorder
2.Dysthymic Disorder
3.Depressive NOS |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of Bipolar Disorder? |
|
Definition
1.BP I
2.BP II
3.Cyclothymic
4.BP NOS |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 subtypes of Schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
1.Paranoid
2.Disorganized
3.Catatonic
4.Residual |
|
|
Term
| What are the drugs in the Amphetamine related substance disorder? |
|
Definition
1.amphetamine
2.dextra-amphetamine
3.meth-amphetamine (ice,glass)
4.methyl phenidate |
|
|
Term
| What are the drugs in the Hallucinogen related substance disorder? |
|
Definition
1.LSD
2.Morning glory seeds
3.phenylalkamines (Mescaline-peyote,STP)
4.MDMA
5.DMT |
|
|
Term
| What are the drugs in the Opioid related substance disorder? |
|
Definition
1.morphine (natural)
2.Heroin (semisynthetic)
3.Codine
4.Methadone
5.Oxycodone
6.Fentanyl |
|
|
Term
| What are the drugs in the Phencylidine related substance disorder? |
|
Definition
1.Pencylidine(PCP-angel dust,Sernylan)
2.Ketamine (Ketalar)
3.cyclohexane
4.dizocilpine |
|
|
Term
| What are the drugs in the Sedative,Hypnotic,Anxiolytic related substance disorder? |
|
Definition
1.benzodiazapines(zolpidem,zaleplon)
2.carbamates
3.barbituates
4.methaqualone |
|
|
Term
| What was Somatization Disorder historically known as? |
|
Definition
| hysteria or Briquet's Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| A polysymptomatic disorder that begins before age 30,extends over a period of years and is characterized by a combination of pain, GI, sexual and pseudo neurological symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involves unexpected symptoms or deficits affecting the voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest a neurological or other general medical condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the diagnostic criteria for somatization disorder? |
|
Definition
1. History of symptoms before age 30
2. Four pain symptoms
3.Two GI symptoms
4. One Sexual symptom
5. One pseudo neurological symptom |
|
|
Term
| Associated descriptive features of somatitization disorder are? |
|
Definition
1.Move from Dr. to Dr.
2.anxiety and depression common
3.impulsive antisocial behavior, suicidal threats
4.substance related disorders due to frequent use of medication |
|
|
Term
| What are the associated laboratory findings for somatoform disorders |
|
Definition
| There are none. Key in diagnosis. Not to be confused with Factitious Disorder or Malingering |
|
|
Term
| What does malingering mean? |
|
Definition
| medical term that refers to fabricating or exaggerating the symptoms of mental or physical disorders for a variety of "secondary gain" motive |
|
|
Term
| This disorder has a high prevalence in Greek and Puerto Rican men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some differential diagnoses for Somatization Disorder? |
|
Definition
| Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Mood Disorders and Depression particularyl |
|
|
Term
| What are the subtypes of Conversion Disorder? |
|
Definition
1.With motor symptom or deficit
2.With sensory symptom or deficit
3.With seizures or convulsions
4.With mixed presentations |
|
|
Term
| What is la belle indifference and which disorder will you find this in? |
|
Definition
| Conversion Disorder. Its a relative lack of concern about the nature or implications of the symptoms they have |
|
|
Term
| This is common in rural areas among individuals of lower socioeconomic status, more frequent in women and is very common in men from military |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of Conversion Disorder? |
|
Definition
| generally from late childhood to early adulthood. Rarely before 10 or after 35 even tho onset as late as ninth decade of life has been reported |
|
|
Term
| What is the major diagnostic concern in evaluating potential conversion symptoms? |
|
Definition
| Exclusion of occult neurological or other general medical conditions and substance induced etiologies |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of Conversion Disorder that cannot be explained following a thorough evaluation, which includes a detailed neurologic examination and appropriate laboratory and radiographic diagnostic tests, no neurologic explanation exists for the symptoms, or the examination findings are inconsistent with the complaint. |
|
Definition
| blindness, diplopia, paralysis, dystonia, psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), anesthesia, aphonia, amnesia, dementia, unresponsiveness, swallowing difficulties, motor tics, hallucinations, pseudocyesis and difficulty walking. |
|
|
Term
| What disorder shares symptoms with Conversion Disorder, both involve symptoms that suggest neurological dysfunction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This disorder does not meet criteria for Dysparunia, or Somatization Disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long must the duration of disturbance be for Hypochondriasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of Hypochondriasis? |
|
Definition
| Can be any age but most prevalent in early adulthood. Note: Dr. shopping and frustration and anger on both sides of Dr/Patient relationships are common |
|
|
Term
| How many symptoms must be present and during what time period for diagnosis of Major Depressive Episodes? |
|
Definition
| 5 or more in same 2 week period. Must persist for longer than 2 months |
|
|
Term
| Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly everyday |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Panic attacks, marital problems, occupational problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some associated lab findings for Major Depressive Episode? |
|
Definition
1. Sleep EEG abnormalities in 40-60%
2. Degradation of serotonin, NE,dopamine, Ach, GABA
3.Hormone disturbances,including elevated glucocorticord
4.Altered cerebral blood flow and metabolism, including increased blood flow in limbic and paralimbic regions and decreased blood flow in lateral prefrontal cortex |
|
|
Term
| What is elevated sometimes in people with Major Depressive Episode that could explain a symptom of weight gain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many symptoms must be present and how long should a period last in order to be diagnosed with Manic Episodes? |
|
Definition
| 3+ with a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood lasting at least one week |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3+ symptoms that must exist in order to be diagnosed with Manic Episode? |
|
Definition
1.inflated self esteem or grandiosity
2.decreased need for sleep (rested after 3hrs)
3.Talkative
4.Flight or ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing
5.distractibility
6.Increase in goal-directed activity
7. Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities |
|
|
Term
| What are some associated descriptive features of Manic Episodes? |
|
Definition
1.Do not recognize they are ill
2.Engage in activities that are disorganized or bizarre
3.Gambling and antisocial behaviors sometimes
4. Mood rapidly shifts to anger or depression |
|
|
Term
| What are some lab findings for mania? |
|
Definition
1.Increased cortisol secretions
2. NT abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| What is the onset of Manic Episode? |
|
Definition
| Early 20s but some in adolesence and after age 50 |
|
|
Term
| When do manic episodes usually occur? |
|
Definition
| following psychosocial stressor with episodes lasting few weeks to several months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Characterized by period of time lasting at least 1 week in which criteria are met for Mania and depression nearly everyday |
|
|
Term
| What is a hypomanic episode? |
|
Definition
| Lasting at least 4 days and period of abnormal mood must accompany at least 3 additional symptoms from a list that includes: inflated self esteem, decreased need for sleep, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, distractibility, increased involvement of pleasurable activities |
|
|
Term
| What is a Major Depressive Disorder? |
|
Definition
| One or more episodes without history of Mania, Mixed or Hypomanic...If these exist than would be bipolar disorder |
|
|
Term
| Major Depressive Disorder may be preceded by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 60% of individuals with this usually have a 2nd episode and those with 2 have 70% of a 3rd and 90% of a 4th |
|
Definition
| Major Depressive Disorder |
|
|
Term
| What are the drug treatments for Major Depressive Disorder? |
|
Definition
1. TCAs
2.SSRIs
3. MAOIs
4. NRIs
5. SNRIs
6. Natural=hyperjcum perforatum (st. johns wort)
7. ECT-electroconvulsive therapy
8. TMS-transcranial magnetic stimulation |
|
|
Term
| Which antidepressant drug was discontinued bc of high toxicity levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.escitalopram
2.citalopram
3. fluoxetine
4. paroxetine
5. sertraline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bind irreversibly to active site of Monoamine oxidase, which is an enzyme responsible for degradation of both NE and serotomin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.phenelzine
2. tranylcypromine
3. isocarboxazid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non invasive treatment that stimulates cortical neurons thru electromagnetic induction |
|
|
Term
| What is Dysthymic Disorder? |
|
Definition
| Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not for at least 2 years. |
|
|
Term
| What do you need 2 or more of in order to be diagnosed with Dysthymic Disorder? |
|
Definition
1. Poor appetite or overeating
2. Insomnia or hypersomnia
3. Low energy or fatigue
4. Low self esteem
5. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
6. Feelings of hopelessness |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms must be present all the time but not absent for 2 months at a time and no Major Depressive Episode, Manic, or Mixed Episode present in the first two years of disturbance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the difference in Depression and Dysthymic Disorder? |
|
Definition
| People diagnosed with Dysthymic Disorder do not experience a full major depressive episode, and therefore cannot be said to have Major Depression. Instead, they experience a less intense, but longer duration (chronic, or long term) depressed mood that occurs for most of the day, more days than not over the course of at least two years (or one year for children and adolescents). Symptom-free periods, during which there are few or no mood symptoms, never last longer than two months. |
|
|
Term
| What are associated lab findings for Dysthymic Disorder? |
|
Definition
| 25-50% of adults have same lab findings as those w/Major Depressive Disorder-reduced or increased REM density |
|
|
Term
| What is the course and prevalence of Dysthymic Disorder? |
|
Definition
| Equal in male and female. 3-6% prevalence |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 separate criteria sets for BP I? |
|
Definition
1.Single Manic Ep
2. Most recent ep depressed
3. Most recent ep manic
4. Most recent ep mixed
5. Most recent ep Hypomanic
6. Most recent ep unspecified |
|
|
Term
| Which BP has occurrence of one or more Manic Episodes or Mixed Episodes with usually one Major Depressive Episode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between BP 1 and 2? |
|
Definition
| BP1 is full on mania and BP2 characterized by depression and with hypomania w/no psychosis |
|
|
Term
| What are some lab findings of BP 1? |
|
Definition
1. Increased rates of right hemispheric lesions or bilateral subcortical or periventricular lesions
2. hyperthyroidism may worsen manic symptoms but does not cause symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What is the course and prevalence of BP I? |
|
Definition
1. Onset age 20-both male and female
2.highly recurrent 90% |
|
|
Term
| Bipolar Disorders share many symptoms with which disorders? |
|
Definition
| Psychotic-Schizoaffective,Schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| Which BP has occurrence of one or more Major Depressive Episodes accompanied by at least one Hypomanic Episode? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which BP is more common in women than men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 60-70% of the Hypomanic Episodes in BP II occur immediately before or after |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance involving numerous periods of Hypomanic symptoms, and numerous periods of depressive symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very rapid alternation btn manic and depressive symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Short term treatment for BPD? |
|
Definition
| rapidly acting Antimanic and sedating doses of benzodiazepine such as: lorazepam, clonazepam, |
|
|
Term
| Only psychiatric drug with risk of suicides in BPD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is long term treatment for BPD? |
|
Definition
1.Lithium
2.Anticonvulsants
3.Antipsychotics
***Antidepressants may be lethal! |
|
|
Term
| What are some anticonvulsants? |
|
Definition
1. carbamazepine
2. valproic acid
3. oxcarbazepine
4. lamotigine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.chloropromazine
2. olanzapine
3. quetiapine
4. risperidone |
|
|
Term
| What are some not pharmacological treatments for BPD? |
|
Definition
| Biological rhythms and hygiene measures and Psychotherapy |
|
|
Term
| what are the genetic factors for Schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the non genetic factors for Schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
| vary from insults during early brain dev as well as social stressors |
|
|
Term
| If there is a history of Autistic Disorder or another pervasive developmental Disorder how do you diagnose Schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
| Made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations are present for at least one month |
|
|
Term
| How many symptoms do you need to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
2 or more for at least one month
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3.Disorganized speech-derailment or incoherance
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. negative symptoms-affective flattening |
|
|
Term
| What is affective flattening and where do you see it? |
|
Definition
| Schizophrenia. general category which includes diminishment of, or absence of, emotional expressiveness. |
|
|
Term
| How long must the signs persist for Schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is inappropriate affect and where do you see this? |
|
Definition
| Schizophrenia. absence of appropriate stimulus/facial expression |
|
|
Term
| Depersonalization, derealization and somatic concerns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lab findings for Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
1.Enlarged lat ventricles and decreased brain tissue
2. Decreased temporal lobe and abnormalities
3.Decreased thalamic volume
4. Increased basal ganglia
5. Neuropsychological deficits
6. Neuropsycological abnormalities
7. Water intoxication |
|
|
Term
| Which lab finding of Schizophrenia is debated as to possible cause of medication? |
|
Definition
| Increased basal ganglia size |
|
|
Term
| Presence of neurological "soft signs" such as left/right confusion, poor coordination, mirroring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Highly arched palate, narrow or wide-set eyes or subtle malformations of ears |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the course and prevalence of Schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
men-18-25
women 25-mid 30s |
|
|
Term
| Characterized by presence of prominent delusions or auditory hallucinations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characterized by disorganized speech, behavior and flat or inappropriate affect-silliness or laughter unrelated to content of speech |
|
Definition
| Disorganized Schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve motoric immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarites of voluntary movement, echolalia, echopraxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve motoric immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarites of voluntary movement, echolalia, echopraxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve motoric immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarites of voluntary movement, echolalia, echopraxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve motoric immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarites of voluntary movement, echolalia, echopraxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve motoric immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarites of voluntary movement, echolalia, echopraxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve motoric immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarites of voluntary movement, echolalia, echopraxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve motoric immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarites of voluntary movement, echolalia, echopraxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Residual Type Schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
| When one has had at least one ep of Schizophrenia but current clinical pic is without psychotic symptoms-hallucinations, delusions, disorganization of speech |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
1. Antipsychotics
2. Psychotropic medication |
|
|
Term
| What are some lab findings of Anorexia Nervosa? |
|
Definition
| dehydration, hypercholeterolemia,decreased T3,T4, Hypo-zinc,Mg,P Hyper-amylase |
|
|
Term
| Hypertropy of salivary glands esp parotid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypoalkemia, Hyponatremia, hypochoremia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| esophageal tear, gastric rupture, cardiac arrhytmias |
|
Definition
|
|
