Term
|
Definition
| brain damage is overcome, brain development (particularly in adolescence) can create and adapt to difficulties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder: A disorder marked by inability to focus attention, or overactive and impulsive behavior, or both. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A decrease in speech or speech content; a symptom of schizophrenia. Also known as “poverty of speech.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most common form of dementia, usually occurring after the age of 65. |
|
|
Term
| Antisocial personality disorder |
|
Definition
| A personality disorder marked by a general pattern of disregard for and violation of other people’s rights. |
|
|
Term
| Anxious personality disorders |
|
Definition
| The cluster of “anxious” personality disorders includes the avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. People with these patterns typically display anxious and fearful behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pervasive developmental disorder in which individuals display profound social impairment yet maintain a relatively high level of cognitive functioning and language skills. Also known as “Asperger’s Syndrome”. |
|
|
Term
| Atypical antipsychotic drugs |
|
Definition
| a new group of antipsychotic drugs that operate in a biological manner that is different from the traditional antipsychotic drug operates. (glossary G-1). The atypicals are received at fewer dopamine D-2 receptors and more D-1, D-4, and serotonin receptors than others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A childhood disorder in which the child repeatedly violates the basic rights of others, displaying aggression and sometimes destroying others’ property, lying, or running away from home |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pervasive developmental disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, poor communication skills, and highly repetitive and rigid behavior. Also known as “autistic disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used in autism for over 30 years. They teach new, appropriate behaviors, including speech, social skills, classroom skills, and self-help skills while reducing negative dysfunctional ones. The therapists use modeling and operant conditioning to achieve this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large body of research conducted with diverse populations consistently suggests that the basic structure of personality may consist of five “supertraits” or factors-- Neurotocis, extroversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. |
|
|
Term
| Borderline personality disorder |
|
Definition
| A personality disorder characterized by repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood, and by impulsive behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms found in some forms of schizophrenia, which may include catatonic stupor, rigidity, or posturing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the most effective and widely used atypical antipsychotic drugs, trade name Clozaril. |
|
|
Term
| Cluster A, B, & C personality disorders |
|
Definition
From the last lecture, the DSM-IV qualifies 3 clusters of personality disorders:
Cluster C: (least severe) avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive disorders
Cluster B: (most dangerous) antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic disorders
Cluster A: (most psychotic) paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal disorders |
|
|
Term
| Communication training for PDD |
|
Definition
| since children with autism often remain speechless, they are sometimes taught sign language and simultaneous communication (mix of sign and speech). Sometimes use augmentative communication systems, such as communication boards or computers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ideal that communities should care for people with SMI. upon deinstitutionalization, developments in medication would provide a foundation for community living and community-based care. under community health care- centers would provide medication services, acute care services, therapy and day treatment, social skills and support, & housing and vocational service. What actually happened: far fewer community health centers developed than planned. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In schizophrenia, messages traveling from dopamine-sending neurons to dopamine receptors on other neurons, particularly the D-2 receptors, may be transmitted too easily or too often. It may be that people with schizophrenia have a larger-than-usual number of dopamine receptors, particularly D-2 receptors, or their dopamine may operate abnormally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The discharge of large numbers of patients from long-term institutional care so that they might be treated in community programs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A strange false belief firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. |
|
|
Term
| Dependent personality disorder |
|
Definition
| A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of. |
|
|
Term
| Depression in the elderly |
|
Definition
| one of the most common mental health problems of older adults. It includes feelings of profound sadness and emptiness; low self-esteem, guilt, and pessimism; and loss of appetite and sleep disturbances. It is common among those who have recently experienced a trauma, such as the loss of a spouse or close friend or the development of a serious physical illness. Suicide rate for elderly is 19 per 100,000 elderly people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A common thinking disturbance in schizophrenia, characterized by rapid shifts from one topic of conversation to another. Also known as “loose associations.” |
|
|
Term
| Directed masturbation training |
|
Definition
| A sex therapy approach that teaches women with female arousal or orgasmic disorders how to masturbate effectively and eventually to reach orgasm during sexual interactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The theory that schizophrenia results from excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of mental retardation caused by an abnormality in the twenty-first chromosome. |
|
|
Term
| Dramatic personality disorders |
|
Definition
| the cluster of dramatic personality disorders, including antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. the behaviors of people with these problems are so dramatic, emotional, or erratic that it is almost impossible for them to have relationships that are truly giving and satisfying. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disorder in which a person experiences severe pain in the genitals during sexual activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Worked with patients with Schizophrenia, advocated for the neurodevelopmental theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A childhood disorder marked by repeated bed-wetting or wetting of one’s clothes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repeatedly defecating into one’s clothing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when males persistently fail to attain or maintain an adequate erection during sexual activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A paraphilia in which persons have repeated sexually arousing urges or fantasies about exposing their genitals to another person, and may act upon those urges. |
|
|
Term
| Extrapyramidal side effects |
|
Definition
| Unwanted movements, such as severe shaking, bizarre-looking grimaces, twisting of the body, and extreme restlessness, sometimes produced by conventional antipsychotic drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disturbance in the production and organization of thought. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A paraphilia consisting of recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve the use of a nonliving object, often to the exclusion of all other stimuli. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A paraphilia consisting of repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve touching and rubbing against a non-consenting person. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disorder in which a person persistently feels extremely uncomfortable about his or her gender assignment sex and strongly wishes to be a member of the opposite sex. Also known as “transsexualism.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The field of psychology concerned with the mental health of elderly people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A residence for people with schizophrenia or other severe problems, often staffed by paraprofessionals. Also known as a “group home” or “crisis house.” |
|
|
Term
| Karen's diagnosis and social problems |
|
Definition
| Karen was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Her social problems include a typical pattern of relationships which begin very quickly and intensely, causing Karen to become increasingly possessive and obsessive, and becomes increasingly distress, generally ending up alienating the other person. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was known as the “wild man of west 96th street” in the 1990’s, he became the most widely known mentally ill chemical abuser (MICA), suffering from schizophrenia and substance abuse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A common thinking disturbance in schizophrenia, characterized by rapid shifts from one topic of conversation to another. Also known as “derailment.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| research team that pioneered research of human sexuality in the 1950’s, including the treatment of sexual disorders and dysfunctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A behavioral treatment in which a client masturbates for a very long period of time while fantasizing in detail about a paraphilic object. The procedure is expected to produce a feeling of boredom that in turn becomes linked to the object. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medications for schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| conventional antipsychotic drugs and atypical antipsychotic drugs.. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A stimulant drug, known better by the trade name Ritalin, commonly used to treat ADHD. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A humanistic approach to institutional treatment based on the belief that institutions can help patients recover by creating a climate that promotes self-respect, responsible behavior, and meaningful activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dementia caused by a cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, which restricts blood flow to certain areas of the brain. Also known as “vascular dementia.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symptoms of schizophrenia that seem to be deficits in normal thought, emotions, or behaviors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Twisted protein fibers that form within certain brain cells as people age. People with Alzheimer’s disease have an excessive number of such tangles. |
|
|
Term
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
|
Definition
| one percent of patients taking conventional antipsychotic drugs can have this severe, potentially fatal reaction consisting of muscle rigidity, fever, altered consciousness, and improper functioning of the autonomic nervous system. |
|
|
Term
| Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder |
|
Definition
| A personality disorder marked by such an intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the individual loses flexibility, openness, and efficiency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder: A childhood disorder in which children argue repeatedly with adults, lose their temper, and swear, feeling intense anger and resentment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurologist and writer; interested in the positive effects of music on neurological disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A procedure for treating certain paraphilias by teaching clients to respond to new, more appropriate sources of sexual stimulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suspicion and mistrust of people or their actions without evidence or justification. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorders characterized by recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving non-human objects, children, non-consenting adults, or experiences of suffering or humiliation. |
|
|
Term
| Parent management training |
|
Definition
| train parents so they can apply behavioral therapies at home |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disabling neurological illness, people with the disease have low levels of dopamine in some areas of the brain, which is the reason for the uncontrollable shaking. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patients go to “day centers” or “day hospital” and return home at night. They originated in Moscow in 1933. They provide daily supervised activities, therapy, and programs to improve social skills. Those recovering from schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders often do better here than in full-time hospitals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pervasive Developmental Disorders: group of disorders marked by impaired social interactions, unusual communications, and inappropriate responses to stimuli in the environment. It includes Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, Rett’s Disorder, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. Also known as Autistic-Spectrum Disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A paraphilia in which a person has repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies about watching, touching, or engaging in sexual acts with prepubescent children and may carry out these urges or fantasies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A very rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that differs from the expectations of one’s culture and leads to dysfunctioning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of effective antipsychotic medications. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symptoms of schizophrenia that seem to be excesses or bizarre additions to normal thoughts, emotions, or behaviors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most important structures in short-term memory, located behind the forehead. When people acquire new information, the prefrontal lobes become more active. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A dysfunction in which a man reaches orgasm and ejaculates before, on, or shortly after penetration and before he wishes to. Also known as “rapid ejaculation.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A state in which a person loses contact with reality in key ways. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recovery from schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| 25% or more of those suffering from schizophrenia are believed to recover completely, and another 35% return to relatively independent lives, although their occupational and social functioning may continue to fall short of earlier levels. However, studies suggest that recovery rates could be considerably higher. |
|
|
Term
| Schizoid personality disorder |
|
Definition
| A personality disorder characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sphere-shaped deposits of beta-amyloid protein that form in the spaces between certain brain cells and in certain blood vessels as people age. People with Alzheimer’s disease have an excessive number of such plaques. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A series of sensual tasks, sometimes called “petting” exercises, in which partners focus on the sexual pleasure that can be achieved by exploring and caressing each other’s body at home, without demands to have intercourse or reach orgasm—demands that may be interfering with arousal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disorder characterized by an aversion to and avoidance of genital sexual interplay. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A supervised workplace for people who are not yet ready for competitive jobs.
(p 589) A protected and supervised workplace that offers job opportunities and training at a pace and level tailored to people with various psychological disabilities. |
|
|
Term
| Sleep disorders in the elderly |
|
Definition
| Insomnia is more common (At least 50% of the population over 65 experience it), breathing-related sleep disorder is also common (sleep apnea is the most common form - 10% of the elderly population) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cerebrovascular accident in which blood flow to specific areas of the brain is cut off, thus damaging areas. Linked to Vascular Dementia, aka Multi-Infarct Dementia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extrapyramidal effects that appear in some patients after they have taken conventional antipsychotic drugs for an extended time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created the Millon Inventories-correlated the PD’s with Mental disorders; main contributor to Personality Disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A treatment for erectile disorder. During sensate-focus exercises, the partner keeps caressing the man, but if the man gets an erection, the partner stops caressing him until he loses it. This reduces pressure on the man to perform and at the same time teaches the couple that erections occur naturally in response to stimulation, as long as the partners do not keep focusing on performance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition marked by involuntary contractions of the muscles around the outer third of the vagina, preventing entry of the penis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dementia caused by a cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, which restricts blood flow to certain areas of the brain. Also known as “multi-infarct dementia.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avolition: a symptom of schizophrenia marked by apathy and an inability to start or complete a course of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A paraphilia in which a person has repeated and intense sexual desires to observe unsuspecting people in secret as they undress or spy on couples having intercourse and may act upon these desires. |
|
|
Term
| Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder |
|
Definition
| -Persistent or recurrent deficiency of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity |
|
|
Term
| Female Sexual Arousal Disorder |
|
Definition
| -inability to attain or to maintain until completion of the sexual activity adequate lubrication or swelling response of sexual excitement |
|
|
Term
| Male & Female Orgasmic Disorder |
|
Definition
| recurrent delay in or absence of orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase during sexual activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving certain inappropriate stimuli or situations (nonhuman objects, the suffering or humiliation of oneself, or one’s partner, or children or other non consenting persons
-significant distress or impairment over fantasies, urges, or behaviors. (in some paraphilias--pedophilia, exhibitionism, voyeurism, frotteurism, and sexual sadism--the performance of paraphilic behaviors indicates a disorder even in the absence of distress or impairment. |
|
|
Term
| Gender Identity Disorder DSM |
|
Definition
- strong and persistent cross gender identification (ex. a stated desire to be the other sex, frequent passing as the other sex, desire to live or be treated as the other sex, or the conviction that one has typical feelings and reactions of the other sex).
-Persistent discomfort with one’s sex or a sense of inappropriateness in a gender role of the sex (ex. preoccupation with getting rid of primary and secondary sex characteristics or belief that one was born the wrong sex).
-significant distress or impairment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- At least two of the following symptoms each present for a significant portion of time during a one-month period:
(a) delusion
(b) hallucinations
(c) disorganized speech
(d) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
(f) Negative Sx
-Functioning markedly below the level achieved prior to onset
-Continuous signs of the disturbance for at least six months, at least one month of which includes symptoms in full and active form (as opposed to attenuated form). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture, with at least 2 of the following areas affected: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
-pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations
-pattern is stable and long lasting and its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood
-significant distress or impairment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, with at least three of the following present in the past 12 mon.(and at least 1 in the past 6 mon.)
-frequent bullying or threatening -physical cruelty to animals
-frequent provoking of physical fights -stealing while confronting a victim
-Using dangerous weapons -forcing someone into sexual activity
-physical cruelty to people -Fire-setting
-Deliberately destroying others property -stealing items of nontrivial value w/o confronting the victim
-Breaking into a house, building, or car -frequent staying out beyond curfews, beginning before 13yr
-frequent manipulation of others
-running away form home overnight at least twice -frequent truancy from school, beginning before 13yr
- Significant impairment |
|
|
Term
| Attention deficit/Hyperactivity disorder DSM |
|
Definition
1. either one of the following groups
A. At least 6 of the following symptoms of inattention, persisting for at least 6 mon.to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with development level:
-failure to give close attention to details or making careless mistakes
-difficulty in sustaining attention
-failure to listen when spoken directly
-failure to follow through on instructions and failure to finish work
-difficulty organizing tasks and activities
-easy distraction by irrelevant stimuli
-forgetfulness in daily activities
B. At least 6 of the following symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, persisting for at least 6 mon.to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with development level:
-Fidgeting with hands or feet or squirming in seat
-frequent wandering from seat in classroom or similar situation
-running about or climbing excessively in situations in which it is inappropriate
-difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
-”on the go” activity or acting as if “driven by a motor”
-excessive talking
-blurting out of answers before questions have been completed
-difficulty awaiting turn
interrupting of or intruding on others
2. the presence of some symptoms before the age of 7
3. impairment from the symptoms in at least two settings
4. significant impairment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.significantly sub-average intellectual functioning an IQ of approx.70 or below on an individually administered IQ test
2. Concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning in at least 2 of the following areas:
-communication -social interpersonal skills
-self-care -use of community resources
-home living -self direction
-functional academic skill -work
-leisure -health -safety
3. onset before the age of 18 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. a total of at least 6 items from the following groups of symptoms:
A. impairment in social interactions as manifested by at least 2 of the following:
-marked impairment in the use of nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body posture, and gestures to regulate social interaction
-failure to develop peer relationships appropriately
-lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people
-lack of social or emotional reciprocity
B. Impairment in communication, as manifested by at least 1 of the following
-delay in or total lack of the development of spoken language
-in individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to start or sustain a conversation with others
-stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
-lack of varied spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play
C. Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, as manifested by by at least 1 of the following
-abnormal preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest
-inflexible adherence to specific nonfunctional routines or rituals
-stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e. hand or finger flapping or twisting)
-Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
2. Prior to 3 yrs of age, delay or abnormal functioning in either social interaction, language, or symbolic or imaginative play |
|
|
Term
| Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type DSM |
|
Definition
1. the development of multiple cognitive deficits manifested by both memory impairment and at least one of the following cognitive disturbances:
-aphasia -apraxia -agnosia -disturbance in executive functioning
2. significant impairment in social or occupational functioning along with significant decline from a previous level of functioning
3. Gradual onset and continuing cognitive decline |
|
|
