Term
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Definition
| Public mental hospitals in the United States, run by the individual states. |
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Definition
| A humanistic approach to instiutional treatment based on the belief that institutions can help patients recover by creating a climate that promotes self-respect, responsible behavior, and meaningful activity. |
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Definition
| A behavioral program in which a person's desirable behaviors are reinforced systematically throughout the day by the awarding of tokens that can be exchanged for goods or privileges. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs that help correct grossly confused or disorted thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conventional antipsychotic drugs, so called because they often produce undesired effects similiar to the symptoms of neurological disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unwanted movements, such as severe shaking, bizarre looking grimaces, twisting of the body, and extreme restlessness, sometimes produced by conventional antipsychotic drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extrapyramidal effects that appear in some patients after they have taken conventional antipsychotic drugs for an extended time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A life-threatening reduction in white blood cells. This condition is sometimes produced by the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine |
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Term
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Definition
| The discharge of large numbers of patients from long-term institutional care so that they might be treated in community programs. |
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Term
| Community mental health center |
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Definition
| A treatment facility that provide medication, psychotherapy, and emergency care for psychological problems and coordinate treatment in the community. |
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Term
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Definition
| A program of post hospitalization care and treatment in the community. |
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Term
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Definition
| A program that offers hospital-like treatment during the day only. Also known as a day hospital. |
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Definition
| A resisdence for people with schizophrenia or other severe problems, often staffed by paraprofessionals. Also know as a group home or crisis house. |
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Term
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Definition
| A supervised workplace for people who are not yet ready for competitive jobs. |
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Definition
| A community therapist who offers a full range of services for people with schizophrenia or other severe disorders, including therapy, advice, medication, guidance, and protection of patients' right. |
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Term
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Definition
| A very rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that differs from the expectations of one's culture and leads to dysfunctioning. |
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Term
| Paranoid personality disorder |
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Definition
| A personality disorder marked by a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others. |
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Term
| Schizoid Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| A personality disorder charcterized by persisitent avoidance of social relationships and little expressive emotion. |
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Term
| Schizotype personality disorder |
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Definition
| A personality disorder characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd forms of thinking and perceiving, and behavoioral eccentricities. |
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Term
| Anitsocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| A personality disorder marked by a general pattern of disregard for and violation of other people's rights. |
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Term
| Borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
| A personality disorder characterized by repeated instability in interpersonal relationship, self-image, and mood and by impulsive behavior. |
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Term
| Histrionic personality disorder |
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Definition
| A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. Once called hysterical personality disorder. |
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Term
| Narcissitic Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| A personality disorder marked by a broad pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. |
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Term
| Avoidant Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| A personality disorder characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation. |
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Term
| Dependent Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of seperation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of. |
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Term
| Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| A personality disorder marked by such an intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the indivudual loses flexibility, openness, and efficiency. |
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Term
| Seperation anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| A childhood disorder marked by excessive anxiety, even panic, whenever the child is seperated from home or parent. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to treating childhood disorders that helps children express their conflicts and feelings indirectly by drawing, toys, and making up stories. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to treating childhood disorders that helps children express ther conflicts and feelings indirectly by drawing, toys, and making up stories. |
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Term
| Oppositional defiant disorder |
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Definition
| A childhood disorder in which children argue repeatedly with adults, lose their temper, and swear, and feeling intense anger and resentment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A childhood disorder in which the child repeatedly violates the basic rights of others, displaying aggression and sometimes destroying other's property, stealing, or running away from home. |
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Term
| Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) |
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Definition
| A disorder marked by inability to focus attention, or overacive and impulsive behavior, or both. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulant drug, known better by the trade name Ritalin, commonly used to treat ADHD |
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Term
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Definition
| A childhood disorder marked by repeated bed-wetting or wetting of one's clothes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A childhood disorder characterized by repeated defecting in inappropriate places, such as one's clothing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pervasive developmental disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, poor communication skills, and highly repetitive and rigid behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pervasive developmental disorder in which individuals display profound social impairment yet maintain a relatively high level of cognitive functioning and language skills. Also known as Asperger's syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and other mental states, not on information they have no way of knowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| An area of the brain that coordinates movement in the body and perhaps helps control a person's ability to shift attention rapidly. |
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Term
| Augmentative Communication System |
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Definition
| A method for enhancing the communication skills of individuals with autism, mental retardation, or cerebral palsy by teaching them to point to pictures, symbols, letters, or words on a communication board or computer. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average. |
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Term
| Intelligence Quotient (IQ) |
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Definition
| A score derived from intelligence tests that theoreticalyl represent a person's overall intellectual capacity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A level of mental retardation (IQ between 50 and 70) at which people can benefit from education and can support themselves as adults. |
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Term
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Definition
| A level of mental retardation (IQ between 35 and 49) at which people can learn to care for themselves and can benefit from vocational training. |
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Term
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Definition
| A level of mental retardation (IQ between 20 and 34) at which individuals require careful supervision and can learn to perform basic work in strucutrd and sheltered settings, |
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Term
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Definition
| A level of mental retardation (IQ below 20) at which individuals need a very structured environment with close supervision. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of mental retardation caused by an abnormality in the twenty-first chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of problems in a child, including lower intellectual functioning, low birth weight, and irregularities in the hands and face, that result from excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state-supported institution for people with mental retardation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The principle that institutions and community residences should expose people with mental retardation to living conditions and opportunities similiar to those found in the rest of society. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to educating children with mental retardation in which they are grouped together and given a seperate, specially designed education. |
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Term
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Definition
| The placement of children with mental retardation in regular school classes. Also known as inclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protected and supervised workplace that offers job opportunities and training at a pace and level tailored to people with various psychological disabilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The field of psychology concerned with the mental health of elderly people. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rapidly developing clouding of consciousness; the person has great difficulty concentrating, focusing attention, and following an orderly sequence of thought. |
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Term
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Definition
| A syndrome marked by severe problems in memory and in at leats one other cognitive function. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most commmon form of dementia, usually occuring after the age of 65. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sphere-shaped deposits of beta-amyloid protein that form in the spaces between certain brain cells and in certain blood vessels as people age. People with Alzeheimer's disease have an excessive number of such plaques. |
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Term
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Definition
| Twisted protein fibers that form within certain brain cells as people age, people with Alzheimer's disease have an excessive number of such targets. |
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Term
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Definition
| The memory system that collects new information. Also known as working memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| The memory system that contains all the information that we have stored over the years. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dementia caused by a cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, which restricts blood flow to certain areas of the brain. Also known as multi-infract dementia. |
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