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| Demonology - the study of the influence of demons, mentally i; were persecuted an killed |
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| Hippocrates, considered mental disorders and physical illness with biological causes. Humoral Theory - disease caused by an excess or imbalance of blood, phlegm, or bile. Treatment - bleeding patients to music, message & baths |
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| drilling holes in peoples heads to "release" the demons |
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| Phillippe Pinel & William Tuke |
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| moral treatment, emphasized moral guidance, humane and respectful treatment |
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| responsible fro early spread of of moral treatment in the U.S. |
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| made humane care a public & political concern in the U.S. |
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| (1883) Kraeplin published a textbook on physical factors responsible for mental dysfunction. First modern system for classifying abnormal behavior |
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| Stated that mental dysfunction was responsible for physical factors |
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| detailed description of a person's life or of psychological problem. Little basis for generalization. |
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| reveal the incidence & prevalence of a disorder in a particular population |
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| researchers observe the same subjects on many occasions over a long period of time. |
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| participants exposed to the independent variable |
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| participants who are not exposed to the independent variable under investigation bat are exposed to all other experimental conditions |
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| an experimental control group in which participants are exposed to a fake independent variable |
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| framework that helps conceptualize & organize available information |
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| assumes symptoms of psychological disorder are caused by biological factors |
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| Punishment vs. Reinforcement |
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| reinforcement successively coser approximations of a goal behavior until it is displayed |
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| observing other person's behaviors |
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| irrational beliefs, people operate on misguided & inaccurate assumptions , events themselves don't cause distress, the interpretation does...inaccurate assumptions lead to psychological problems |
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| Cognition - Behavioral Model - Integrated model, emphasizes the learning process & the influences of the environment, treatments aimed at modifying client's perceptions while employing behavioral procedures |
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| emphasizes internal mental processes & role of early childhood experiences, Freud |
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| basic biological needs & desires |
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| unconscious process used by the ego aimed at reducing anxiety caused by ID. |
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| Stages of Psychosexual development |
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Definition
Oral (birth to 1) - sucking, chewing
Anal (1-3) - toilet training
Phallic (3-6) genitals
Latency (6-11) social values
Genital (adolecent period) - puberty |
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| excessive attachment where need had not been met |
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| repressed conflictual material in a disguised form |
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| a process in which a patient acts toward the therapists as they did toward important figures in their life |
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| therapists unconscious feelings toward a client |
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| Individual, group family, self-help groups, couples therapy |
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| people ability to understand themselves |
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| confidence in one's ability to cope with difficulties |
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| Systematic desensitization |
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| client is taught to relax to replace an undesirable anxiety response |
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| consistency of repeatability of results or a measurement |
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| different judges independently agree on hoe to score & interpret |
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| consistency of results over time |
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| degree to which the measurement procedure measures what is says it measures |
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| Degree to which an assessment procedure is useful & provides unique information not otherwise available |
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| watching & recording what a person does in a particular setting, can be structures, in a clinical setting, or naturalistic, inter-rater reliability can be weakness in this technique |
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| completion of tests believed to indicate cognitive abilities |
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