Term
| Sex-typical or atypical activity and playmate preferences (gender conformity/nonconformity) cause the person to feel ______ from opposite or same-sex peers who are viewed as ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ to opposite or same-sex peers becomes erotic or romantic attraction to opposite or same-sex persons (sexual orientation) |
|
Definition
| Non-specific autonomic arousal |
|
|
Term
| _____ of monozygotic twins did not have the same sexual orientation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gender Identity Disorder is not dependent on _____ |
|
Definition
| sexual attraction and arousal patterns (e.g. if they are cross-dressing, they are not primarily doing this for sexual arousal) |
|
|
Term
True or False
Most hermaphrodites have Gender Identity Disorder |
|
Definition
| FALSE - Distinct from hermaphrodites who are born with an intersex condition: ambiguous genitalia |
|
|
Term
True or False
individuals who are sexually attracted to the same sex are thought to have gender identity disorder |
|
Definition
| TRUE - Distinct from individuals who are sexually attracted to the same sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In first-nations cultures people who are “two-spirit” or “berdache” are attracted two both sexes |
|
|
Term
| The prevalence for GID is _____ and Occurs ____ more often in biologically born males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gender identity develops between ___ years of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): chromosomal females whose brains were flooded with _____, and have____ internal organs and ___ external genitalia
-CAH were more _____ in behaviour, but identified as ____ |
|
Definition
androgens
female
male
masculine
girls |
|
|
Term
| True or false - David/Brenda Reimer would be diagnosed with GID |
|
Definition
| FALSE - he would not be diagnosed with GID |
|
|
Term
| parent’s preference for a certain gender may have a ____ influence for developing GID |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For sex reassignment surgery- who adjusts better? M2F or F2M? |
|
Definition
| Female-to-male conversions adjust better than male-to-female |
|
|
Term
| What are the criteria for sex reassignment surgery? |
|
Definition
-They must live in the opposite role for 1-2 years to be certain of their choice
-They must be psychologically, socially, and financially stable |
|
|
Term
| What are the outcomes of sex reassignment surgery? |
|
Definition
-75% are satisfied with surgery
-7% regret the surgery
-2% commit suicide |
|
|
Term
| What are the (5) stages of sexual arousal |
|
Definition
-Desire phase: sexual urges occur in response to sexual cues or fantasies
-Arousal stage: a subjective sense of sexual pleasure, and physiological signs of sexual arousal
-Plateau phase: brief period occurs before orgasm
-Orgasm phase: ejaculation, contraction of the lower 1/3 of the vagina
-Resolution phase: decrease on arousal |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between Lifelong dysfunctions and Acquired dysfunction, generalized, specific (sexual disorders) |
|
Definition
-Lifelong dysfunctions: present during a person’s entire sexual life
-Acquired dysfunctions: begins after sexual activity has been relatively normal
-Generalized: individuals always struggles
-Specific: problem only occurs in a certain situation |
|
|
Term
| sexual dysfunction Affects ____ of Canadian females and ___ of Canadian males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For Sexual aversion disorder the primary problem may be ____. Provide statistical evidence |
|
Definition
-The principle problem may be panic disorder (present in 25% of cases), or PTSD
-10% of males with this report panic attacks during attempted sexual activity |
|
|
Term
| premature ejaculation - ejaculation within ____ minutes of penetration, typical is ____ minutes |
|
Definition
-ejaculation within 1-2 minutes of penetration
-typical is 7-10 minutes |
|
|
Term
| Predictor is of premature ejaculation is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ (sexual disorder) May be better conceptualized as a pain disorder |
|
Definition
| Dyspareunia: pain of intercourse is so severe that sexual behaviour is disrupted |
|
|
Term
| Describe psychological contributions (path) to sexual dysfunction |
|
Definition
| Cues > negative affect > negative cognitive expectations > attention focus on consequences of performance > leads to dysfunctional performance > avoidance of sexual cues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learned negative attitudes about sexuality |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
Childhood sexual abuse associated with orgasmic and erectile dysfunction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a psycho-social treatment for premature ejaculation, is it effective? |
|
Definition
Squeeze technique for premature ejaculation
60-90% effective |
|
|
Term
| how is performance anxiety treated for sexual dysfunction? |
|
Definition
| sensate focus on non-demand pleasuring |
|
|
Term
| what is a psycho-social treatment for female orgasm disorder, is it effective? |
|
Definition
-Masturbatory training for female orgasm disorder
- 60-90% |
|
|
Term
| what is a psycho-social treatment for vaginismus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a psycho-social treatment for low sexual desire problems |
|
Definition
| Exposure to erotic material for low sexual desire problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
50-80% achieve erection
30% have severe headache
32% had an erection AND were sexually satisfied |
|
|
Term
| Describe (3) medical treatments other than viagra for erectile dysfunction- effectiveness? |
|
Definition
(1) Direct injections of vasodilating drugs into the penis - Dilates blood vessels so more blood can flow into the penis
(2) Penile prostheses: silicone rode, Used as a last resort
(3) Vacuum device therapy: creates a vacuum that draws blood into the penis - Awkward, 70-100% achieve erection |
|
|
Term
| ____ is sexual attraction and arousal to inappropriate people, or objects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
attraction to a certain part of the body is a fetish |
|
Definition
FALSE
partialism: not a fetish, attracted to a certain part of the body |
|
|
Term
| ____ is sexual attraction to a non-living object |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is rubbing and touching a non-consenting person |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between sadism and masochism? |
|
Definition
Sadism: inflicting pain or humiliation to attain sexual gratification (real acts, not simulated)
Masochism: suffering pain or humiliation to attain sexual gratification (real acts, not simulated) |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between sadism and rape? |
|
Definition
-Some rapists are sadists, but most do not show paraphilic patterns of arousal (more likely to have ASPD)
-Rapists show sexual arousal to violent sexual and non-sexual material |
|
|
Term
| _____ males may be aroused to adult women, but this is unlikely in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are (7) factors contributing to the cause of paraphilia? |
|
Definition
(1) Early inappropriate sexual associations or experiences - accidental or vicarious
(2) inadequate development of consensual adult arousal patterns
(3) inadequate development of appropriate social skills for relating to adults
(4) Disordered relationships during childhood and adolescence
(5) Early sexual fantasies that are repeatedly reinforced through the extreme pleasure of masturbation
(6) May be related to obsessive compulsive disorder or have a very strong sex drive
(7) Repeated attempts to inhibit undesired arousal and behaviour resulting in (paradoxical) increase in paraphilic thoughts, fantasies, and behaviour |
|
|
Term
| What is Covert sensitization? |
|
Definition
| Covert sensitization: imaginal procedure involving aversive consequences |
|
|
Term
| What is Orgasmic reconditioning? |
|
Definition
| Orgasmic reconditioning: associate masturbation with appropriate stimuli |
|
|
Term
| _____ of cases paraphilia show some improvement, but poorest outcomes are for ____ and _____. Risk factors for failure are: ____, ____, and ____. |
|
Definition
-70-100%
-rapists and for people with multiple paraphilia
-Denial of problem, Multiple victims, Lack of stability (social relationships, employment) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-early conceptualization of schizophrenia
-Kraepelin combined several disorders into “dementia praecox” and distinguished these from bipolar disorder
-Catatonia: alternating immobility and excited agitation
-Hebephrenic: silly and immature emotionality
-Paranoia: delusions or grandeur or persecution |
|
|
Term
| Bleuler believed schizophrenia was a result of “_____ _____” of the basic functions of personality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ % of schizophrenics experience positive symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (general - do not list) |
|
Definition
-positive symptoms: excess of normal behaviour, distortion of normal behaviour
-and cannot tell the difference
-Negative symptoms: Absence of insufficiency of normal behaviour |
|
|
Term
| What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (2)? |
|
Definition
-delusions
-hallucinations |
|
|
Term
What is the difference between:
-delusions
-hallucinations |
|
Definition
-delusion (disorder of thought content): a belief that would be seen by most members of a society as a misrepresentation of reality
-Hallucinations: The experience of sensory events without any input from the surrounding environment |
|
|
Term
| Describe (4) different kids of delusions |
|
Definition
-delusions of grandeur
-delusions of persecution
-Cotard’s syndrome: belief the body has changed in some impossible way
-Capgras syndrome: the person believes someone they know has been replaced by a double |
|
|
Term
| ______ may be a way to cope with body changes and avoid depression, they may persist because new information is not being ______ |
|
Definition
delusions
properly integrated |
|
|
Term
| Hallucinations are experienced more often when people are _____ or _____ |
|
Definition
| unoccupied or restricted from sensory input |
|
|
Term
| Research suggests people hallucinating are listening to ____ |
|
Definition
| their own thoughts and cannot tell the difference |
|
|
Term
Describe the (5) negative symptoms of schizophrenia
HINT- they all start with A for SOME WEIRD REASON WHY?? |
|
Definition
-Absence of insufficiency of normal behaviour
-Avolition (apathy): inability to initiate and persist in activities - highly related to a poor outcome (example: not brushing hair or teeth)
-Alogia: relative absence of speech (Brief replies, uninterested in conversation, slow response)
-Anhedonia: presumed lack of pleasure in activities
-Affective flattening: do not show emotional expressiveness (Flat tone, vacant stare)
-Asociality: severe deficits in social relationships |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
schizophrenics do not experience emotions to the same degree as others (affective flattening) |
|
Definition
FALSE
they may still experience emotions internally, but they do not express them |
|
|
Term
| What are the (2) disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
-Disorganized or rambling speech: jumping from topic to topic and speaking illogically, includes: cognitive slippage, and loose associations or derailment, and tangentiality
-Inappropriate affect and disorganized behaviour |
|
|
Term
| when schizophrenics show illogical and incoherent speech, this is know as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when schizophrenics show taking conversation in unrelated directions, this is know as |
|
Definition
| Loose associations or derailment |
|
|
Term
| when schizophrenics show going off on a tangent and not answering a question directly, this is know as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when schizophrenics show laughing or crying at inappropriate times, this is know as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when schizophrenics show holding unusual postures, this is know as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What subtype of schizophrenia is this?
• Delusions and hallucinations
• Cognitive skills and affect remain intact
• Stronger familial link |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What subtype of schizophrenia is this?
• marked disruption in speech and behaviour
• flat or inappropriate affect
• unusually self-absorbed
• may have disorganized delusions/hallucinations which do not cluster around a central theme
• develops earlier, often chronic and little to no improvement or remission |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What subtype of schizophrenia is this?
• Waxy flexibility, engaging in excessive activity, opposing by remaining rigid
• Odd mannerisms with the body and face (e.g. grimacing)
• Echolalia: repeat or mimic the words of others (nonsensical)
• Echopraxia: repeat or mimic the movements of others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What subtype of schizophrenia is this?
• Meet general criteria
• Do not fit into another subtype |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What subtype of schizophrenia is this?
• People who have previously had an episode of schizophrenia
• Criterion A is not longer met, but was met in the past
• Social withdrawal, bizarre thoughts, inactivity, flat affect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What subtype of schizophrenia is this?
immobility, posturing, mutism |
|
Definition
| Catatonic - Negative withdrawal subtype |
|
|
Term
What subtype of schizophrenia is this?
routine obedience, waxy flexibility |
|
Definition
| Catatonic - Automatic subtype |
|
|
Term
What subtype of schizophrenia is this?
grimacing, perseveration, echolalia |
|
Definition
| Catatonic - Repetitive/echo subtype |
|
|
Term
What subtype of schizophrenia is this?
excitement, impulsivity, combativeness |
|
Definition
| Catatonic - Agitated/resistive subtype |
|
|
Term
| What are the (5) delusions of delusional disorder |
|
Definition
-Erotomanic: belief that a stranger or celebrity is in love with them
-Grandiose: inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special relationship to a deity or celebrity
-Jealous: belief a sexual partner is unfaithful
-Persecutory: belief they are being malevolently treated
-Somatic: feels afflicted by a medical defect |
|
|
Term
| • Higher prevalence of _____ Personality Disorder in relative’s of people with schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| schizophrenia affects about ____ of the population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
schizophrenia usually develops in ______, but can emerge at any time
-onset ____ with age for men
-onset ____ with age for women |
|
Definition
early adulthood
decreases, increases |
|
|
Term
| schizophrenia affects males and females equally, but ____ tend to have a better long-term prognosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the (4) Developmental Courses of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
- most common (35%): impairment increasing with each of several episodes and no return to normality
- (35%): several episodes with minimal or no impairment inbetween
- (22%): one episode only, no impairment
- (8%): impairment after the first episode with subsequent exacerbation and no return to normality |
|
|
Term
Schizophrenia
• Risk in monozygotic twins is ____
• Risk drops to ____ for fraternal (dizygotic) twins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| risk for schizophrenia increases as a function of _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The relationship between viral infections and schizophrenia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Majority of schizophrenics have enlarged ____. Reasons? |
|
Definition
ventricles
(adjacent areas may have not fully developed or may have atrophied) |
|
|
Term
| Siblings with worse schizophrenia symptoms may have had more ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is hypofrontality? How many schizophrenics have? |
|
Definition
less active frontal lobes
About 50% have |
|
|
Term
| What are (2) Neurological problems of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
| abnormal reflexes and inattentiveness |
|
|
Term
| What are (4) pieces of evidence for the Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
(1) Drugs that increase the level of dopamine in our brains can result in schizophrenic-like behaviour
(2) L-Dopa can induce symptoms of schizophrenia
(3) Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists) reduce schizophrenic-like behaviour
(4) Antipsychotic drugs Can lead to side effects that look like Parkinson’s disease (a disease we know is associated with low dopamine levels |
|
|
Term
| What are (6) pieces of evidence against the Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
(1) It depends on different sits and receptors
(2) Glutamate may also play a role
(3) D1 receptors seem to be underactive in the frontal lobe- may be responsible for negative symptoms
(4) A significant number of schizophrenics are not helped by dopamine
(5) Drugs are not very helpful for negative symptoms
(6) Drugs are fast-acting, but changes in symptoms is slow |
|
|
Term
| What are the Sociogenic and Social selection hypotheses of schizophrenia? Which is more likely? |
|
Definition
-Sociogenic hypothesis: lower class is stressful, and predisposing individuals to become schizophrenic
-Social selection hypothesis: schizophrenia makes it difficult to hold a job, resulting in a drift to the lower class
*Social Selection is more likely |
|
|
Term
| For schizophrenia: High levels of _____ in the family associated with relapse |
|
Definition
| expressed emotion - (criticism, emotional over involvement/intrusiveness, low tolerance of the disorder) |
|
|
Term
| does high expressed emotion cause schizophrenia? Why/Why not? |
|
Definition
| Not causal (rates are higher in some countries, but prevalence remains the same) |
|
|
Term
| Role of psychological factors: psychological factors likely exert _____ effect in producing schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medications reduce or eliminate the ____ symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medications have side effects? What about new medications? |
|
Definition
Acute and permanent extrapyramidal and Parkinson-like side effects
-Slow motor movement
-Involuntary movement of the face, jaw, tongue
-Less side effects in new antipsychotics |
|
|
Term
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ____ much promise for schizophrenia treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Psychoanalysis & psychodynamic therapy is ____ helpful for treating schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For schizophrenia, _____ and ____ is important to prevent “the revolving door” |
|
Definition
| Communication skills and stress management for the family |
|
|
Term
| There is evidence that _____ follows bulimia and is a consequence of it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ with bulimia also had anxiety, but those with anxiety are ___ likely to have ED |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
there is a relationship with impulsively and substance use issues & bulimia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
o salivary glands become enlarges
o enamel on teeth eroded from vomit
o electrolyte imbalance- very dangerous
o intestinal problems
are all symptoms of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ of bulimics are female- onset from _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prevalence of bulimia is ___ for females, ____ for males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| successful weight loss is the hallmark of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the (2) subtypes of anorexia |
|
Definition
(1) restricting: dieting, fasting
(2) binge eating-purging: small binges followed by purges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| downy hair growth in abnormal parts of the body such as cheeks and limbs |
|
|
Term
| anorexia usually develops around age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
immigrants who move to western cultures are less at risk for anorexia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ can lead to weight gain through binges |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| those who ____ have an intentional and memory bias towards food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
ED Tend to run in families |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are (2) neurocognitive features of anorexia & bulimia? |
|
Definition
(1) Weak central coherence: overly detailed style of thinking: miss big picture due to focus on the details, which impairs integration and organization of information
(2) Set shifting: thinking flexibly is diminished, can’t problem solve, plan for the future, and managing ambiguity, “black and white” thinking, perfectionistic behaviours |
|
|
Term
____ Have greater inhibitory control- it is easier for them to “not do” or inhibit than to do
___ have been found to have poor inhibitory control and greater impulsivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In bulimics - Antidepressants can help reduce ____ behaviour
Antidepressants are _____ efficacious in the long-term |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 1st treatment goal for anorexia? Why? |
|
Definition
-Weight restoration is the first goal
-it is difficult to think clearly and engage in therapy when in a state of starvation |
|
|
Term
| What are the behavioural and cognitive treatments for anorexia? |
|
Definition
• Behavioural: preventing compensatory behaviours
• Cognitive: addressing distortions |
|
|
Term
| What is the Maudsley approach to treating ED? |
|
Definition
| Parents become actively engaged and supporting the child or adolescent to eat more |
|
|
Term
| Long-term prognosis for anorexia is ____ than for bulimia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the (5) stages of the stages of change model? |
|
Definition
o Precontemplation
o Contemplation
o Preparation
o Action
o Maintenance |
|
|
Term
| how common are Sleep problems? |
|
Definition
| 25%-40% in developing children |
|
|
Term
| What are (4) stages of sleep |
|
Definition
-Transitioning from wakefulness into drowsiness and then sleep (5%)
-Light sleep (50% of the time)
-Deeper sleep, slow-wave sleep
-Deepest sleep, slow-wave sleep |
|
|
Term
| Describe Newborn sleep. What are the associated problems? |
|
Definition
get 10-18 hours, need 12-18 hours, chunks of 45 minutes to 3 hours, no day/night differentiation
• Parents struggle with no day/night distinction |
|
|
Term
| Describe Infant sleep. What are the associated problems? |
|
Definition
| get 11-14, need 14-15, night 8-10 hours, two day naps total 3 hours |
|
|
Term
| Describe Toddler sleep. What are the associated problems? |
|
Definition
get 10-13, need 12-14, night 9-10 hours, daytime 1-3 hour nap(s)
• Bedtime struggles
• Night wakings |
|
|
Term
| Describe Preschooler sleep. What are the associated problems? |
|
Definition
get 9-10 hours, need 11-13, night 9-10, some nap
• Fears
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Limit testing
• Partial arousal parasomnias |
|
|
Term
| Describe School-age sleep. What are the associated problems? |
|
Definition
get 9.5, need 10-11, night
• Fears and anxiety
• OSA
• Poor sleep habits |
|
|
Term
| Describe Adolescent sleep. What are the associated problems? |
|
Definition
get 7-7.5, need 8.5-9.5, but later
• Shift in circadian rhythm (internal clock) combined with environmental demands |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between dyssomnias and parasomnias? |
|
Definition
Dyssomnias: difficulties in getting enough sleep, problems in the timing of sleep, and complaints about the quality of sleep
Parasomnias: abnormal behavioral and physiological events during sleep |
|
|
Term
| What is Sleep onset latency: |
|
Definition
| when you go to bed vs. when you actually fall asleep |
|
|
Term
| What is Sleep efficiency (SE) |
|
Definition
| time spent in bed vs. time sleeping |
|
|
Term
| What (4) things does a Polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation measure? |
|
Definition
o EEG- leg movements and brain wave activity
o EOG- eye movements
o EMG (electromyograph)- muscle movements
o ECG- heart activity |
|
|
Term
| Females report insomnia ____ often as males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary insomnia affects ____ adult population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sleep problems ____ with age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-____ and ____ are used as pharmacological treatment for insomnia
-Prolonged use can cause _____ and _____
-Best as ___ solution |
|
Definition
Benzodiazepines and over‐the‐counter sleep medications
rebound insomnia, dependence
short‐term |
|
|
Term
| Describe Stimulus control procedures to treat insomnia |
|
Definition
-Your brain learns to associate other things you do in bed with sleep time
-Person should go to bed when sleepy and try to sleep for 20 minutes
-If no sleep, do something boring, and then try again
-Always get up at the same time no matter what |
|
|
Term
| What are (3) relaxation techniques to improve sleep |
|
Definition
| progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, diaphragmatic breathing |
|
|
Term
| Describe Behavioural Insomnia of Childhood - Sleep onset association type |
|
Definition
-a condition that must be present for the child to fall asleep)
-When they wake at night an the sleep association isn’t available
-Break sleep onset association and provide something in child’s control |
|
|
Term
| Describe Behavioural Insomnia of Childhood - Limit-setting type |
|
Definition
-want to stall, stay up, and not miss things
-Stalling, requests for attention
-Approach: consistent behavioural treatment, reinforce good behaviours, removing reinforcement for negative behaviours |
|
|
Term
| Describe Behavioural Insomnia of Childhood - combined type |
|
Definition
-Bedtime problems
-Night waking
-Consistent behavioural limits
-Break sleep onset association |
|
|
Term
| narcolepsy Affects about ____ of population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| males have narcolepsy _____ as females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Onset of narcolepsy is during _____; typically ___ over time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are (2) treatments for narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
-Stimulant medication (e.g., methylphenidate “Ritalin”)
-Antidepressant meds may be helpful for cataplexy because suppress REM sleep |
|
|
Term
| Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders are More common in____, may occur in up to _____ of population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are (2) treatments for Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders |
|
Definition
(1) Pediatric: if tonsils & adenoids implicated, remove ~70% cure rate
(2) if airway is otherwise crowded: continuous positive airway pressure machine (PAP or CPAP). |
|
|
Term
o Sleep terror disorder
o Sleepwalking disorder
occur during ____ sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nightmare disorder occurs during ___ sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
nightmare disorder is More common in children than adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe (2) treatments for nightmare disorder |
|
Definition
-May involve antidepressant medication (this can suppress REM sleep) or relaxation training
-Dream rehearsal |
|
|
Term
| Describe (3) treatments for sleep terror disorder |
|
Definition
-Often involves a wait‐and‐see approach (initially)
-Antidepressants (i.e., imipramine) or benzodiazepines for severe cases
-Scheduled awakenings prior to the sleep terror can eliminate the problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sleep walking usually occurs |
|
Definition
| Usually during first few hours of deep sleep |
|
|
Term
| Describe (2) treatments for sleep walking |
|
Definition
-Safety planning
-Address related factors: adequate sleep, stress reduction |
|
|
Term
| List the criteria for schizophrenia (6) |
|
Definition
o (A) Two or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period (or less if successfully treated):
• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized speech
• Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
• Negative symptoms
• Note: only one criterion A symptom is required if delusions are bizarre or hallucinations consist of a voice keeping up a running commentary on the person’s behaviour or thoughts, or two or more voices conversing with each other
o (B) social/occupational dysfunction: work/interpersonal or self-care are markedly below the level achieved prior to onset (or failure to achieve at all if onset is in childhood)
o (C) duration: 6 months of disturbance, including 1 month of cluster A symptoms
• may have periods or prodromal or residual symptoms
o (D) Schizoaffective and mood disorders are excluded
o (E) Substance/general medical condition exclusion
o (F) relationship to a pervasive developmental disorder |
|
|
