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Definition
| Major figure in the history of schizophrenia. (1899) Gave an enduring description and categorization of schizophrenia. He defined Dementia Praecox and the difference between it and manic depressive illness |
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Definition
| Premature loss of the mind. Delusion, Hallucinations and attention problems. Began in adolescence and led to irreversible metal breakdown (Kraepelin) |
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Definition
| 2nd major figure in the history of schizophrenia. Coined the term schizophrenia meaning "split mind." He believed there was an associative splitting of the basic function of personality. |
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Definition
| A difficulty keeping a consistent train of thought characteristic of all people with this disorder led to the many and diverse symtoms they displayed. |
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Term
| Paranoid Type of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
| People with the paranoid type of schizophrenia stand out because of their delusions or hallucinations but at the same time their cognitive skills and affect are relatively intact. There is an absence of disorganized behavior and they have the best prognosis of al types of schizophrenia |
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Term
| Disorganized (Hebephrenic) Type |
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Definition
| Disruptions in speech and behavior with flat or inappropriate affect. (laughing at the wrong times) Fragmented hallucinations and delusions. Develops early and is chronic without remissions. |
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Definition
| Unusual motor responses of remaining in fixed positions and odd mannerisms. Echolalia and Echopraxia are preset (mimicking words or movements of others). There are severe and rare subtypes of catatonic schizophrenia |
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Definition
| People who do not fit snugly in these categories but have the major symptoms of schizophrenia but do not meet criteria for paranoid, catatonic, or disorganized types. |
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Definition
| People who have had at least one episode of schizophrenia but no longer manifest major symptoms. May display "leftover symptoms" like negative beliefs or unusual ideas that are not fully delusional. |
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Definition
There are three phases : prodromal, active, & residual phase.
Prodromal phase : there is a gradual deterioration of functioning before any clear psychotic symptoms appear.
Active phase: patient begins to show prominent psychotic schizophrenia
Residual phase : gradual recovery and behavior is similar to prodromal phase. |
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Term
| Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Presence of something that is normally absent. These include delusions and hallucinations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Positive symptom. Misrepresentation of reality. "believing squirrels are sent from aliens." A common delusion is of persecution : ppl are out to get them. |
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Definition
| Positive Symptom. The experience of sensory events without any input from the surrounding environment. Auditory hallucinations are most common. |
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Term
| Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
| The absence of something that is normally present. Usually indicate the absence or insufficieny of normal behavior. Include: emotional and social withdraw, apathy, and poverty of thought or speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| One or more pos Sx of Schizophrenia but tends to remit on its own. Usually precipitated by extreme stress or trauma. |
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Term
| Shared Psychotic Disorder |
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Definition
| Delusions from person manifest in another person |
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Term
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Definition
| Worldwide lifetime prevalence is about 1% and equal for men and women. Usually develops in early adulthood and has a variable course but generally chronic. |
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Definition
Family studies show you can inherit a tendency for schizophrenia in general but not a particular subtype. And risk increases with genetic relatedess.
Twin Studies show identical twin rick for schizo is 48%.and Adoption studies show risk for psychotic disorder remains high. |
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Term
| Neurotransmitter Influences (Dopamine Hypothesis) |
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Definition
Drugs that increase dopamine (agonist) may cause schizo like behavior
Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonist) may reduce schizophrenic-like behavior. |
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Term
| Neurotransmitter Influences (Dopamine Hypothesis) |
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Definition
Drugs that increase dopamine (agonist) may cause schizo like behavior
Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonist) may reduce schizophrenic-like behavior. |
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Term
| Neurotransmitter Influences (Dopamine Hypothesis) |
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Definition
Drugs that increase dopamine (agonist) may cause schizo like behavior
Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonist) may reduce schizophrenic-like behavior. |
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Term
| Neurobiological Influences (frontal lobes and prenatal) |
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Definition
Individuals with schizophrenia have much less forntal activity at t rest and during a card sorting task. (hypofrontality)
Possibly Viral infections during prenatal development but studies suggest structural and functional brain abnormalities are not unique to schizophrenia no strong correlation. |
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Term
| Psychosocial Influences (Family and Stress) |
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Definition
| Stress may activate underlying vulnerability and increase risk or relapse. Patients with Families with high Expressed Emotion (EE) (criticism, hositility, and emotional overinvolvement ) are at higher risk than those of lower EE. |
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Term
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Definition
| Began with prefrontal lobotomies thought to relieve madness. (1950s). In the Western world, antipsychotics (neuroleptics) are the first treatment. |
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Definition
| Began with prefrontal lobotomies thought to relieve madness. (1950s). In the Western world, antipsychotics (neuroleptics) are the first treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuroleptics provided the first real hope for people suffering from schizophrenia. Reduce most of the positive symptom. Neuroleptics target the dopamine NT system. Poor compliance is common in patients and there are sever side effects (weight gain, diabetes, hypertension, and CV problems.) |
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Term
| Extrapyramidal symptoms of Neuroleptics |
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Definition
| motor difficulties similar to Parkinsons disease.ex Akinesia or expressionless face and slow motor activity ad monotonous speech. Tardive dyskinesia or involuntary movements of the tongue, face, mouth, or jaw. (irreversible) |
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Term
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Definition
| Children on Medicaid are prescribed antipsychotics at 4x the rate of those with private insurance. Most common problems were ADHD, conduct disorder, and childhood bipolar disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychosocial intervention based of the belief that Schizophrenia disorder results from problems in adapting to the world because of early experiences. Behavioral approaches based off incentives were set up in inpatient units (Token Economy). Community Care Programs, Social and Living Skills training and vocational rehab. |
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Term
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
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Definition
| CBT is a psychosocial treatment that focuses on restructuring thought process and solving problems. like all psychosocial treatments, this is has been effective as an adjunct with medication. |
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Term
| Acceptance and Commitment Therapy |
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Definition
| Psychosocial treatment that teaches patients to accept unavoidable private events, identify and focus on actions directed toward valued goals and defuse from cognitions |
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