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| An anxiety disorder in which a person is afraid to be in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or help unavailable in panic-like symptoms were to occur. |
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The development of emotional and/or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor. Symptoms and behaviors are clinically significant due to: distress that is in excess of what would be expected from exposure to the stressor, significant impairment in social or occupational functioning, disturbance doesn’t meet the criteria for an Axis I disorder, is not an exacerbation of a pre-existing Axis I or II disorder, and symptoms do not represent bereavement. |
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the network of nerve fibers that connect the central nervous system to all the other organs of the body
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psychotropic drugs that help reduce tension and anxiety (a.k.a. minor tranquilizers or anxiolytics) |
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| psychotropic drugs that improve the moods of people with depression |
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| psychotropic drugs that help correct the confusion, hallucinations, and delusions found in psychotic disorders |
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| the central nervous systems' physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger |
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| the review and scrutiny of symptoms, behavior, emotions, functioning, etc. for the purpose of formulating a meaningful diagnosis and treatment plan |
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| a type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders> most became virtual prisons |
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| long fiber extending from the body of a neuron |
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| Bethlehem Hospital, London to confine the mentally ill. chaotic asylum where people of fashion came to marvel at the strange behavior of the inmates. pronounced 'Bedlam' by the local people, has come to mean a chaotic uproar |
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| Beck Depression Inventory- One of the most widely used affective inventories (these measure the severity of such emotions as anxiety, depression, and anger). In the BDI people rate their level of sadness and its effect on their functioning. |
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| Now considered "the father of American psychiatry," most responsible for the early spread of moral treatment in the U.S.; introduced human approaches to mental illness- such as working closely with patients, reading, talking to them, and taking them on walks. |
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| the most common group of antianxiety drugs, including Valium and Xanax |
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| the theoretical perspective that points to biological processes as the key to human behavior |
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| The cerebrum is comprised of the two cerebral hemispheres, makes up the forebrain, and is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body |
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| a treatment approach that emphasizes community care |
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| connects the two cerebral hemispheres in the brain |
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| a group of hormones released by the adrenal glands at times of stress |
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| the occurrence of two or more disorders within the same person |
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| clients converted physical perceived stress or trauma into a purely psychological event that created physical symptoms and the mental experience was dominating the physical one. it is categorized by an alteration or loss of voluntary motor or sensory functioning that suggest medical or neurological disorder, psychological factors are associated with the symptoms and deficits because the initiation and exacerbation was preceded by conflict or stress, the symptoms are not intentionally produced, cannot be explained by any physical disorder or pathophysiological mechanism, must have 2 or more Ds from the D model. Termed by Freud |
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| the practice of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals |
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| the extension located at one end of a neuron that receives impulses from other neurons |
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| the determination that a person's problems reflect a particular disorder |
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| the neurotransmitter whose high activity has been shown to be related to schizophrenia |
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| "mother of social work," moral treatment movement; Bost schoolteacher (1800s); made humane care a public and political concern in the U.s>.; helped establish state, public mental hospitals |
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| the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, it has good research to back up the defined disorders, prevalence, and studies from the DSM-III. It is a list of disorders, descriptions of symptoms, and guidelines for appropriate diagnosis. Developed by the APA. |
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| a form of biological treatment, used primarily on depressed patients, in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electrical current passes through electrodes to patients' forehead |
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| German researcher; argued that physical factors were cause for mental dysfunction; constructed first modern system for classifying abnormal behavior ("diagnostic nosologies"); first to understand functioning of schizophrenia; categorization of disorders |
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| the practice in early societies of treating abnormality by coaxing evil spirits to leave the person's body (religious) |
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| the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, whose low activity has been linked to anxiety disorder |
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| (generalized anxiety disorder) the disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of worry about numerous events and activities |
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| the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, it is Axis V on the multi-axial class system |
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| Greek for "glue," support cells for neurons |
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| A common neurotransmitter linked to memory and dementia. |
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| one route by which the brain and body produce arousal and fear. At times of stress, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland, which signals the adrenal glands. Stress hormones then released to various body organs. |
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| chronic high blood pressure |
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| controls autonomic nervous system and endocrine system. responsible for the 4 F's: fighting, feeding, feeling, and fornication |
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| difficulty falling or staying asleep |
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| test designed to measure a person's intellectual ability |
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| physician that worked with Freud to conduct experiments on hypnosis and hysterical illnesses, his patient Anna O is the one that called therapy her talking cure |
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| a small area of the brain that seems to be active in the regulation of emotions. many of its neurons use norepinephrine |
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| a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress or disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom. it is not merely an expectable response to loss or stress. whatever its original cause, it must currently be considered a manifestation of a behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunction in the person. |
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| A set of interview questions and observations designed to reveal the degree and nature of a client's abnormal functioning. This includes appearance, memory, behavior, intelligence, perception, insight, sensorium (consciousness, orientation to person, place time, concentration), judgement, thought content/process |
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| The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is a widely used personality inventory consisting of a large number of statements that subjects mark as being true or false for them |
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| the classification system in which different "axes" or branches of information are required from the diagnostician (ex. DSM-IV-TR) |
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| the layer surrounding an axon that is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system: helps to speed up transmission of a neural impulse down an axon |
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| psychotropic drugs that help stabilize the moods of people suffering from bipolar mood disorder (a.k.a antibipolar drugs) |
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| a 19th century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment |
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| neurological tests that provide images of brain structure or activity (CT scans, PET scans, MRIs) |
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| a chemical that, released by one neuron, crosses the synaptic space to be received at receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons |
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| areas of 'naked' axon that boost the neural signal back to full strength. ion flow across the membrane occurs only at these points- therefore the signal "jumps" from node to node |
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| a neurotransmitter whose abnormal activity is linked to depression and panic disorder |
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| PNS- parasympathetic nervous system |
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| the group of nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system that help maintain normal organ functioning. they slow organ functioning after stimulation and help return other bodily processes to normal |
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| a test designed to measure broad personality characteristics that consist of statements about behaviors, beliefs, and feelings. people evaluate the statements as either characteristic or uncharacteristic of themselves |
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| the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities |
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| a test that consists of vague material that people interpret or respond to |
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| either the theory or the treatment of abnormal psychological functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology. In treatment, there is a strong emphasis on the relationship between client and therapist |
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| the view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological |
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| an abnormal pattern of functioning that may be described as deviant, distressful, dysfunctional, and/or dangerous |
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| psychophysiological disorders |
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Definition
| illnesses that result from an interaction of both psychosocial and physical factors. DSM-IV-TR labels these illnesses "psychological factors affecting medical condition" aka "psychosomatic disorders" |
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| the inseparable interplay between psychological experience and social/cultural context. there is a connection between feelings, thoughts, perceptions, and the social environment. it describes how experience and intervention necessarily have both psychological and social ramifications |
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| an anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms continue to be experienced long after a traumatic event. |
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| a site on a neuron that receives a neurotransmitter |
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| a site on a receiving neuron that receives neurotransmitters |
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| the reabsorption of a secreted substance by the cell that originally produced and secreted it. the process of reuptake, for example, affects serotonin |
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| probability of a negative outcome, level of danger one is experiencing that is external or internal |
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| the ability to overcome adversity, knowledge and skills that one develops from having had a negative experience, the ability to benefit from overcoming the experience |
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| tests designed to measure a person's responses in one specific area of functioning such as affect, social skills, or cognitive processes |
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| principal glia of the peripheral nervous system |
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| a neurotransmitter whose abnormal activity is linked to depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders |
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| the father of psychoanalysis |
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| the view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes |
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| refers to the consequence of the failure of an organism- human or animal- to respond adequately to mental, emotional, or physical demands, whether actual or imagined |
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| a physical or psychological sign of a disorder |
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| the space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron |
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| store various nt's that are released at the synapse |
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Definition
| the space between the end of one neuron and the dendrites of another |
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| a 'relay station' that relays sensation, spatial sense, and motor signals to the cerebral cortex along with the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness |
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Definition
1. excessive or ongoing anxiety and worry, for at least six months, about numerous events or activities
2. difficulty controlling the worry
3. at least 3 of the following symptoms: restlessness, muscle tension, easy fatigue, sleep disturbance, irritability
4. significant distress or impairment |
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| Specific Phobia (DSM checklist) |
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Definition
1. marked and persistent fear of a specific object or situation that is excessive or unreasonable, lasting at least six months
2. immediate anxiety usually produced by exposure to the object
3. recognition that the fear is excessive or unreasonable
4. avoidance of the feared situation
5. significant distress or impairment |
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| Social Phobia (DSM checklist) |
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Definition
1. marked and persistent fear of social or performances situations involving exposure to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny by others, for at least 6 months. Concern about embarrassing or humiliating oneself.
2. anxiety usually produced by exposure to the social situation.
3. recognition that the fear is excessive or unreasonable.
4. avoidance of the feared situations
5. significant distress or impairment |
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| Panic Disorder (DSM Checklist) |
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Definition
1. recurrent unexpected panic attacks
2. A month or more of one of the following after at least one of the attacks:
a) persistent fear of having another attack
b) worry about the implications or consequences of having an attack.
c) significant change in behavior related to the attacks. |
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Term
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Definition
1. A history of having experienced, witnessed, or confronted event (s) involving serious injury, death, or threat to physical integrity of self or others. Reaction of intense fear, helplessness, or horror produced by the event.
2. Event persistently reexperienced in at least one of the following ways:
a) Reccurring distressful recollections.
b) Recurring disterssful, dreams, illusions, flashbacks, or a sense of reliving the experience.
c) Distress caused by reminders of the event
d) Physical arousal produced by reminders of event.
3. Persistent avoidance of reminders of event and a subjective sense of numbing, detachment, or emotional unresponsiveness.
4. At least two marked symptoms of arousal:
a) difficulty sleeping
b) irritability
c) exaggerated startle response
d) hypervigilance
e) poor concentration
5. Significant distress or impairment, with symptoms lasting at least one month. |
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Psychological Factors Affecting General Medical Condition (DSM checklist)
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Definition
1. the presence of a general medical condition
2. psychological factors adverselfy affecting the general medical condition in one of the following ways:
a) influencing the genral course of the medical condition
b) interfering with the treatment of the general medical condition
c) posing additional health risks
d) stress-related physiological responses precipitating or exacerbating the general medical condition |
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