Term
| characteristics of people with antisocial personality disoder |
|
Definition
-stealing
-irresponsible, deceitful, impulsive
-do not have empathy or a conscious
-selfish
-violate social norms |
|
|
Term
| substance abuse occurs in __% of people with antisocial personality disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the prognosis look like for people with antisocial disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mania without delirium
people with unusual emotional responses and impulsive rages but no deficits in reasoning ability
AKA antisocial personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| who coined the term psychopathic personality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 criterion for antisocial personality disorder |
|
Definition
1. superficial charm
2. grandiose of self-worth
3. need for stimulation
4. pathological lying
5. manipulative
6. lack of remorse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people that engage in behaviors that violate social norms |
|
|
Term
| connection between antisocial disorder and conduct disorder |
|
Definition
| people with antisocial disorder had conduct disorder as children |
|
|
Term
| antisocial personality disorder: genetics? |
|
Definition
-genetic link between criminal behavior and antisocial
-children with parents that were criminals are more likely to become criminals if grew up in orphanage (gene-environment interaction) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetics that are influenced by environment |
|
|
Term
| neurobiological influences of antisocial personality disorder |
|
Definition
lack of anxiety/fear
low serotonin and dopamine levels |
|
|
Term
| antisocial personality disorder: under-arousal hypothesis |
|
Definition
psychopaths have abnormal levels of cortical arousal
seek stimulation to boost arousal |
|
|
Term
| antisocial personality disorder: 2 hypotheses |
|
Definition
1. fearlessness
2. underarousal |
|
|
Term
| antisocial personality disorder: biology |
|
Definition
BIS and reward system imbalance
fear and anxiety produced by BIS may seem less apparent and positive feelings associated with the reward system seem important |
|
|
Term
| antisocial disorder: rewards |
|
Definition
if a reward is clearly no longer being given, still continue to work for reward
shows that psychopaths may not be deterred from goal despite the knowledge of it no longer being obtainable |
|
|
Term
| antisocial personality disorder: developmental influences |
|
Definition
| rates of antisocial behavior decline at age 40 |
|
|
Term
| antisocial personality disorder: therapy and treatment |
|
Definition
1. therapeutic communities: intensive group therapy of 80 hrs/week
2. parent training: parents learn how to motivate kids, encourage prosocial behavior, reduce problems |
|
|
Term
| ____ is one of the most common personality disorders observed in clinical settings |
|
Definition
| borderline personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| borderline personality is seen in _ to _ percent of the population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 disorders are commonly comorbid with borderline personality disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __% of people with this borderline personality disorder also have a substance abuse problem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antisocial personality disorder: biological influences |
|
Definition
1. genetic vulnerability
2. abnormally low cortical arousal
3. high fear threshold |
|
|
Term
| atisocial personality disorder: psychological influences |
|
Definition
difficulty learning to avoid punishment
indifferent concern of others |
|
|
Term
| antisocial personality disorder: social and cultural influences |
|
Definition
1. criminality
2. stress and trauma
3. inconsistent parental discipline
4. SES disadvantage |
|
|
Term
| borderline personality disorder: biological influences |
|
Definition
1. genetic link to mood disorders
2. inherited tendencies for impulsivity or volatility |
|
|
Term
| borderline personality disorder: psychological influences |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| borderline personality disorder: social |
|
Definition
early trauma, sexual or physical abuse
rapid cultural changes like immigration |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of autism |
|
Definition
significant impairment in social interactions
communication issues
restricted patterns of interest and activities |
|
|
Term
| autism: impairment in social interactions |
|
Definition
joint attention issues: do not pay attention to social cues. cant read people
may not enjoy meaningful relationships with others or understand/care about social interaction |
|
|
Term
| autism: impairment in communication |
|
Definition
1/3 of people with autism never acquire speech
echolalia: repeat speech of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| autism; repeat speech of others |
|
|
Term
| Autism: restricted behavior, interests, activities |
|
Definition
maintenance of sameness: dont like change
stereotyped and ritual behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list the autism spectrum disorders (3) |
|
Definition
1. autistic
2. pervasive developmental disorder
3. aspbergers |
|
|
Term
| autism: what did they used to think the cause of autism was? |
|
Definition
result of failed parenting
parents characterized as being perfectionists, old, aloof, with high SES and high IQs
autistic may lack self awareness (speak in third person) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-genetic predisposition
5-10% risk of having more than 1 child autistic
they might not be able to produce oxytocin (bonding neurochemical) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
people with autism have fewer neurons in amygdala
amygdala in kids with autism is enlarged early in life (causes more anxiety/stress) and excessive release of cortisol damages amygdala
mercury in vaccinations |
|
|
Term
| difference between autism and aspbergers |
|
Definition
aspbergers = more verbal
obsessed with random facts
IQ in average range |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
teach language and communication skills
inclusive schooling
SSRIs |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: biological influences |
|
Definition
1. inherited tendency (multiple genes) to develop disease
2. prenatal and birth complications (viral infection during pregnancy or birth injury affect childs brain cells)
3. brain chemistry (abnormalities in the DA and glutamate systems(
4. brain structure (enlarged ventricles) |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: trigger for biological/genetic predisposition |
|
Definition
1. stressful, traumatic life event
2. high expressed emotion (family cricism, hostility, and intrusion)
3. sometimes no obvious trigger |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: Cultural influences |
|
Definition
culture influences interpretation of disease and symptoms
hallucinations and delusions |
|
|
Term
| 1 out of __ people will have schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
1. catatonia
2. hebephrenia
3. paranoia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alternating immobility and excessive agitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| silly and immature emotionality |
|
|
Term
| List 5 types of Symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
1. delusions
2. hallucinations
3. disorganized speech
4. behavioral problems
5. withdrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. may be unrealistic and bizzare beliefs not shared by others in culture
2. delusions of grandeur or persecution |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: hallucinations |
|
Definition
1. sensory events that aren't based on any external event (hearing voices, seeing people who have died)
2. many have auditory hallucinations |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: disorganized speech |
|
Definition
1. jumping from topic to topic
2. talking illogically (not answering direct questions, going off on tangents)
3. speaking in unintelligible words and sentences |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: Behavioral problems |
|
Definition
-pacing
-agitation
-catatonic immonbility
-keeping body parts in same position when they are moved by somebody else
-inappropriate dress
-inappropriate affect
-ignoring personal hygiene |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: Withdrawal |
|
Definition
lack of emotional response (flat speech, little hange in facial expressions)
apathy (little interest in day-to-day activities)
delayed and brief responses in conversation
loss of enjoyment in pleasurable activies (eating, sex, etc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. paranoid
2. disorganized
3. catatonic
4. residual
5. undifferentiated |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of: Paranoid schizophrenia |
|
Definition
1. delusions of grandeur
2. hallucinations (especially auditory)
3. higher level of functioning between episodes
4. may have stronger familial link than other types |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of: disorganized schizophrenia |
|
Definition
1. disorganized speech and behavior
2. immature emotionality, inappropriate affect
3. chronic and lacking in remissions |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of: Catatonic schizophrenia |
|
Definition
1. alternating immobility and excited agitation
2. unusual motor responses
3. odd facial or body mannerisms
4. rare |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of: Residual schizophrenia |
|
Definition
1. has had at least one schizophrenic episode but no longer shows major symptoms
2. still shows "leftover" symptoms (social withdrawal, bizarre thoughts, flat affect, inativity) |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of: Undifferentiated schizophrenia |
|
Definition
1. symptoms of severeal types
does not fall neatly into one category |
|
|
Term
| Positive symptoms of schizophrenia: behavior |
|
Definition
1. active manigestations of abnormal behavior
hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, odd body movements, catatonia |
|
|
Term
| Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: behavior |
|
Definition
flat affect (lack of emotional expression)
avolition *lack of initiative, apathy)
alogia (relative absense in amount or content of speech) |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: emotional and cognitive influences |
|
Definition
| interaction styles that are high in cricism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement can trigger a relapse |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: List types of treatment |
|
Definition
1. individual, group and family therapy
2. social skills training
3. medications |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: Medication |
|
Definition
1. neuroleptic medications help to clarify thinking and perceptions of reality, reduce hallucinations and delusions
drug treatment must be consistent. |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: Social skills training |
|
Definition
can occur in hospital or community settings
teaches person social, self-care and vocational skills |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia: family,group, and individual therapies |
|
Definition
1. can help patient and family understand the disease and symptom triggers
2. teaches families communication skills
3. provides resources for dealing with emotional and practical challenges |
|
|
Term
| pyschopharm effects of alochol |
|
Definition
effects GABA
alcohol reinforces movement of chloride ions (decrease effects of GABA) and causes neurons to have difficulty in firing |
|
|
Term
| how is glutamate system affected by alcohol |
|
Definition
glutamate = excitatory, involved in learning and memory
blackouts can occur |
|
|
Term
| What systems does alcohol effect? |
|
Definition
1. GABA
2. Glutamate
3. serotonin |
|
|
Term
| alcohol: withdrawal delirium (delerium tremens) |
|
Definition
| produces frightening hallucinations and body tremors |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme metabolizes alcohol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. prealcoholic stage (drinking occasionally)
2. prodromal stage: heavy drinking but not noticeable
3. crucial stage: loss of control, occasional binges
4. chronic stage: daily activities involve getting and drinking alcohol |
|
|
Term
| what are amphetamines used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enhance dopamine and norepinephrine
stimulate CNS |
|
|
Term
| what were amphetamines originally marketed for? |
|
Definition
nasal decongestant
reduce appetite |
|
|
Term
| Causes of substance abuse disorders: biological |
|
Definition
genetic predisposition for addiction
drugs act as reinforcer, acting on DA system and limbic system, VTA and nucleus accumbens |
|
|
Term
| Causes of substance abuse disorders: Psychological (5) |
|
Definition
TO USE DRUGS:
1. drug use for pleasure, "good feelings"
2. negative reinforcement: drug use to escape pain
3. feelings of being in control
4. want to avoid withdrawal symptoms
5. other disorders: psych or anxiety or mood |
|
|
Term
| Causes of substance abuse disorders: social influences |
|
Definition
1. exposure to drug through media, family, etc
2. social expectations and cultural norms
3. peers or family support drug use |
|
|
Term
| Biological influences of substance abuse |
|
Definition
1. sensitivity to drug
2. rate of metabolism
3. base levels of arousal (other disorders)
4. disorders of mood and anxiety |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of substance abuse: agonist substitution |
|
Definition
safe drug alterntives
ex: methadone (heroin sub) |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of substance abuse: antagonistic treatments |
|
Definition
block or counteract the effects of psychoactive drugs
ex: naltrexone for opiote use
decrease withdrawal and cravings |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of substance abuse: aversive treatment |
|
Definition
make abusing substance very unpleasant
ex: antabuse for alcohol (accumulation of acetyldehyde)
and silver nitrate for smoking |
|
|
Term
| Psychosocial treatments for alcoholics (4) |
|
Definition
1. inpatient facilities
2. AA meetings
3. controlled drinking strategies
4. relapse prevention |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of chronic marijuana use |
|
Definition
impaired memory
relations with others
employment |
|
|
Term
| what is the chemical the brain makes that contains THC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.inattention
2. hyperactivity
3. impulsivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more people in us have this than any other country
fast-paced culture, pushing for academic success
boys are three times more likely to be diagnosed |
|
|
Term
| when do adhd symptoms first appear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| up to __% of kids with adhd have a comborbid diagnosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which disorders overlap with adhd? (3) |
|
Definition
1. operational defiant disorder
2. conduct disorder
3. bipolar disorder |
|
|
Term
| operational defiant disorder |
|
Definition
loses temper
argues with adults
deliberately annoys people
spiteful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
genetics
associated with the D4 dopamine receptor, Dopamine transport gene, D5 receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits DAT1 gene and increases amount of dopamine available |
|
|
Term
| adhd: environmental factors |
|
Definition
DAT1 gene mutation more likely if mother smoked during pregnancy
toxins and food additives
low birth weight, maternal alcohol consumption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stimulants - methylphenidate/ritalin, dexadrine
strattera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adhd med
norepinephrine reuptake ihibitr
lower abuse potential because does not produce a high |
|
|
Term
| non-medicinal treatment for adhd |
|
Definition
-teach parents how to respond to kids and motivate
-set goals for kids behavior
-social skills training |
|
|
Term
| __% of men and _% of women reported being touched by adults when they were kids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __% of men and __% of females are sexually abuse children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aroused in context of objects that are abnormal |
|
|
Term
| gender differences in sexuality |
|
Definition
| aroused in context of objects that are abnormal |
|
|
Term
| gender differences in sexuality |
|
Definition
-more men admit that they masturbate
-men express more permissive attitude than women about premarital sex
-females are aroused by more things + both genders, regardless of sexuality |
|
|
Term
| Culural differences of sex |
|
Definition
| in new guinea boys at age 7 are expected to give oral sex to other boys because semen does not come out spontaneously and is sacred |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-pre-existing deficiencies in levels of arousal
-treatment received from adults during childhood
-early sexual fantasies reinforced by masturbation
-strong sex drive and uncontrollable thought processes |
|
|
Term
| 4 treatments for paraphilias |
|
Definition
1. covert sensitization
2. relapse prevention
3. orgasmic reconditioning
4. medical |
|
|
Term
| paraphilias: covert sensitization |
|
Definition
| aversive consequences paired with arousing stimuli so that you dont like it anymore |
|
|
Term
| paraphilias: relapse prevention |
|
Definition
| therapeutic preparation for coping with future situations |
|
|
Term
| paraphilias: orgasmic reconditioning |
|
Definition
| pairing appropriate stimuli with masturbation to create positive arousal patterns |
|
|
Term
| paraphilias: medical treatment |
|
Definition
drugs that reduce testosterone to reduce sexual desire
fantasies and arousals return when drug stops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sexual attraction to nonliving objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
peeping
view unsuspecting people naked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. fetishism
2. voyeurism
3. exhibitionism
4. transvestite fetishism
5. sexual sadism
6. sexual masochism
7. pedophilia
8. incest |
|
|
Term
| how do people learn paraphilias? |
|
Definition
1. early inappropriate sexual associations or experiences
2. inadequate development of adult arousal patterns or development of social skills
3. inapproproate sexual fantasies associated with masturbatory behavior. reinforced
4. repeated attempts to inhibit behavior only makes it worse |
|
|
